Copaiva

Copaifera officinalis, L. Natural order, Leguminosae.

Preparation, Tincture of the balsam.

Authorities. 1, Hahnemann, Fragmenta de Vir.; 2, Teste, provings on self and seven or eight persons of both sexes, with the 6th dil., System, de la Mat. Med.; 3, Ausiaux, Clinicus Chir., Liege, 1816, from Both, M. M.; 4, Ribes, Bull. d. 1. Sac. emulation, 1822, from Both; 5, Delpech, Mem. sur 1. baume de Copahu, from Both ; 6, Roemhild, Preuss. Ver., from Both ; 7, Grossheim, from the same ; 8, Loerenhardt, from the same ; 9, Merat and Dolens, Diet, de M. Med., from Both ; 10, Lisle, Rec. de Mem. de Med., from Both; 11, Fox, effect on the skin, Lancet, 1867; 12, Hardy, Gaz. des Hop. (N. Y. Med. J., 10, 416), effect on skin when administered for gonorrhoea; 13, Sachse, Med. Zeit., 1839, effects when taken for gonorrhoea ; 14 (omitted) ; 15, Mitscherlich, general poisoning symptoms, Pharm. J., 9, 233; 16, Konigs, a student, took repeated doses of an emulsion of half an ounce of balsam with four ounces of "vehicle" (two spoonful doses), Wibmer; 17, Schopf, general effects, Lehrb. d. Pharm.; 18, Dr. Behn, effects on skin of patients taking Cop., from Schopf; 19, Husemann, Pflanzenstoffe, effects; 20, Lehman, effects on patients, from Husemann; 21, Well, general statement of effects, A. H. Z., 84, 41; 22, Lembke, proving with 10 to 70 drops, Z. fur H. Kl., 11, 161.

Mind

Emotional. Unconquerable dislike for his usual employment

Disgust with life, and at the same time fear of death

During the menses, sadness in the morning, depression, pains in the loins, and extreme excitement of the nervous system

In the morning, soon after waking, deep sadness, which ceases during a walk, but returns in the evening

Periodical attacks in the afternoon of sadness and weeping, with coldness of the extremities, and hot flushes in the face

A young girl bursts into tears on hearing the sound of a piano

Anxiety about his health

Peevish, irascible, morose, intolerable temper during a whole week, with ebullition of the blood, heat of the head, and trembling of the hands from the least contradiction

Absurd recriminations about trifling and long-past occurrences

Misanthropy

Intellectual. Entire unfitness for study; the head is empty and the ideas are confused; dull pain in the forehead when striving against this

Defective memory, which vexes him, and finally throws him into a state of gloomy discouragement

Head p. 555

Vertigo. Vertigo and headache

Attack of vertigo, when riding on horseback, in the forenoon, although he was talking at the time and walking the horse

Transient attacks of vertigo when sitting, working, walking, but especially when standing upright and motionless

General Head. Rush of blood to the head and face during and after €nth»9>\-

Heaviness of the head, and especially of the occipital region, which is instinctively pressed against the collar of the coat; this affords relief

Headache in the forenoon

Forehead. Pressure at the forehead

Temples. Stitches in the temples and behind the ears

Sudden stitches in both temples when washing the face with cool water in the morning

Tearing pain in the temporal regions, especially in the left, alleviated by gentle pressure with the hand

Bruised pain in the right temple, evening and night, becoming intolerable when the affected part is pressed against the pillow

Vertex. Pulsating stitches at the top of the head, not synchronous with the pulse

Parietals. Hemicrania (on the left side), with boring pain, sense of coldness in the affected part, weeping, and constant moaning for three days, in a young man of twenty-two years, disposed to hypochondria. (The pain was relieved by Mercurius)

Occiput. Dull pain in the occiput

Lancinating pressure at the right occipital protuberance

Pulsating deepseated stitches in the occiput

Stitches in the left occipital protuberance, with occasional shocks in the whole head, only in the morning

External Head. Falling of the hair after the first doses

Sensitiveness of the scalp, and even of the hair

Eyes p. 555

Objective. Redness of the left eye

Lids, Spasm of the right upper lid, recurring several times in the daytime, and accompanied by a slight pressive pain in the eyes

Involuntary contraction of the orbicularis muscle of the eyes in the morning

Agglutination of the lids in the morning

Pupil. Contraction of the pupils

Vision. Sensitiveness of the eyes to the light

Transient obscuration of sight

Upon alternately closing the right and the left eye, the same objects look paler when seen with the latter than when seen with the former

Black points hovering before the eyes

Ears p. 555

Stitches for a whole night in the left ear, causing one to cry out ; some days after this a little purulent matter is discharged from the meatus (after three days)

Formication in the ear

Hearing. Excessive sensitiveness of hearing, especially as to sharp sounds, to such a degree that the report of a pistol caused an extremely disagreeable and even painful sensation ; this sensation did not arise from the detonation of the powder, but from the impact of the ball against the metallic disk at which it was fired

Painful reverberation of every sound in the head, ceasing after half an hour's walk

Humming in the ears

Buzzing in the ears

Nose p. 555

Frequent sneezing

Stoppage of the nose for two days, only in the morning

Fluent coryza, with headache, pressive pain at the root of the nose, and itching in the eyes

Face p. 555

Paleness and sickly look of the face

Bloating of the face

Transient tearings in the left cheek

Mouth p. 555

Teeth. An unpleasant smell seems to come from the teeth

The teeth seem less firm, and are loose in their sockets

The teeth are on edge

Sensation as if the teeth were elongated

Sense of coldness in the teeth

Gnawing and throbbing pain in a carious tooth, worse when drawing in cool air, or by the contact of cold drink

Gums. Excoriating pain in the gums, palate, and pharynx

Tongue. Redness, with smarting, on the sides aud at the tip of the tongue

* The tongue is covered with a whitish coat, green at the base

General Mouth. Dryness of the mouth, especially at night and in the morning.2.

Tenacious phlegm in the mouth and throat, which is constantly reproduced

Saliva. Transiently increased secretion of saliva

Flow of saliva in the evening, at night, and in the morning

Every now and then sudden and profuse flow of sweetish saliva

Taste. Bitter taste in the mouth

Every article of food seems too salt

Throat p. 556

Some pains in the throat, without the slightest swelling of the tonsils or fauces

Constriction of the throat

Tonsils, Swelling of both tonsils (especially of the right)

Pharynx. Sensation as of a foreign body in the pharynx

Troublesome pressure in the pharynx

External Throat. Sensitiveness without perceptible swelling of the parotid glands, but bruised pain and evident swelling of the submaxillary glands

Stomach p. 556

Appetite. Unwonted hunger in the evening, when on the point of going to bed

Excessive hunger (the first two days), then loss of appetite

Loss of appetite, the whole second day

Loathing of food, all day

Thirst. Thirst and diminished appetite

Eructation and Hiccough. Eructations after eating

Frequent eructations

Sour eructations

Foul eructations

Eructations tasting of the ingesta

Hiccough after eating

Nausea and Vomiting. Nausea

Nausea, in the morning

Nausea, vomiting, and weakness of the stomach

Excessive nausea

Excessive nausea, with diarrhoea

Stomach. Gastro-enteritis

Disorders of the stomach, during menstruation

Sort of faintness at the stomach, without any real appetite

Cardialgia and vomiting

Burning pain in the stomach

The whole epigastric region is tensive and painful to contact

Spasm of the stomach

Pressure at the pit of the stomach, even before breakfast

Stitches in the stomach, at intervals, as if in paroxysms

Beating at the pit of the stomach, followed by palpitation of the heart, and obnubilation on leaving the table, after eating

Abdomen p. 556

Hypochondria. Stitchings in the hypochondria

Pressive, at times pulsating, pain in the hepatic region

General Abdomen. Rumbling with flatulence in the intestines, and a sensation as if colic would come on

Noisy borborygmi

Emission of extremely fetid flatulence, in the morning, in bed, and after rising

Griping

Violent grips in the abdomen

Pinching in the abdomen

Violent cutting pains, followed by two diarrhoeic stools, immediately after taking a cup of cafe au lait (as usual)

Colic and looseness

Painful colic

Hypogastrium and Iliac Region. Swelling of the lower abdomen

Pressure in the lower abdomen, as from a stone

Beatings in the lower abdomen

Swelling (not very large) of the inguinal ganglia

Swelling and sensitiveness of the inguinal glands

The inguinal glands are painful to contact

Rectum and Anus p. 556

Rectum. Spasms of the rectum

Pressing in the rectum, causing a constant urging to stool

Stitches in the rectum

Anus. Bleeding piles

Constant oozing from the anus, of a serous or even purulent liquid

Burning itching at the anus

Stool p. 556

Diarrhoea. Diarrhoea, in the morning

A diarrhoea accompanied the exudation from the skin

Diarrhoea of whitish fseces, especially in the morning, with coldness and drawing tearing in the abdomen, which obliged him to bend double, before and after an evacuation

Diarrhoea, alternating with obstinate constipation

Violent diarrhoea in one night (fifteen evacuations in ten hours), with spasms at the stomach, coldness of the extremities and cramps in the calves

Frightful diarrhea

Frequent excretion of faxes, which are at first shaped, but afterwards pasty, and at last mucous and mixed with blood

Several soft stools every day, followed by general prostration

Stools thin, two or three a day, without pain and without urging ; there seems to be an increase of secretion of mucus in the rectum

Copious stools

Whitish, fecal stools of a sour smell, with discharge of ascarides

Stools like sheeps dung

Stools at first dry and formed, and ending in diarrhoea

Two liquid stools

Involuntary diarrhoeic stool

Constipation. Insufficient stools

No stool for five days

Urinary Organs p. 557

Bladder. Dull pain in the bladder

ning in the neck of the bladder and urethra

Pressure on the bladder

Pressure on the bladder, with frequent ineffectual urging to urinate, and passage of urine drop by drop

Urethra. Inflammation of the urinary passages and adjacent parts. It has also been known to cause inflammation of the urethra, retention of urine, phlegmasia of the bladder, of the prostate, the anus, and the rectum. It is interesting to see this medicine prescribed by some physicians for almost the same complaints which others have remarked that it causes

Inflammation and swelling of the urethra, with pains along the whole penis

Discharge of mucus from the urethra

Mucous discharge from the urethra

Discharge of a milky, acrid, corrosive character, with painful micturition

Profuse milky discharge for three days, which stops of itself, although the use of the drug is continued

The urethral discharge was inversely as that from the skin

The urethral discharge ceased, but returned in four or five days, with the decline of the eruption

Purulent blennorrhagia

Burning in the urethra, when urinating

Burning and itching in the urethra and vagina

Drawings in the urethra

Pain at the orifice of the urethra, as if wounded

Pulsating pain in the urethra, when not urinating ; orifice of the urethra gaping, tumid, inflamed

Tickling in the orifice of the urethra

Itching and biting in the urethra, before and after urinating

Frequent urging to urinate, immediately after urinating

Frequent unsuccessful urging to urinate

Constant urging to urinate

JSLietiirition. Frequent emission of urine, mostly in small quantities

Frequent micturition during the night; urine copious and lighter than formerly

Copious secretion of urine smelling of the balsam

Urine more copious and frequent than usual

The urine is more abundant and more acid, and has a very strong smell of violets

Diuresis

Bloody micturition

Bloody urine, strangury, and ischuria,17.-

Painful urination

The urine is discharged drop by drop

Retention of the urine

JJrhie. The urine had a very 9strong odor of Copaiba, frothed very much, was dark-yellow, and had an acid reaction

Bitter taste to the urine

Albuminuria, lasting several days

Sexual Organs p. 557

Male. Superficial excoriation on the glans and on the prepuce

Excessive erections, with lascivious thoughts, and constant excitement of sexual desire

Violent erections on the following days (night and morning), with or without lascivious thoughts

Absence of erections the first days

Long-continued tickling in the glans penis, lasting several hours

Unpleasant itching at the tip of the glans

Redness and slight oozing between the scrotum and the thigh

Swelling of one of the testicles (left,) which is very sensitive to touch

Dull, heavy pain in the testicles

Pressive drawing in the testicles

Constant and permanent sexual excitement (during the whole time of the proving)

Violent desire for an embrace, with absence of erection

Female. Throbbing and pain in the ovarian region

Beating in the right ovarian region, when standing

Spasms of the uterus

Drawings in the uterus, orifice of the urethra, and in the vagina

Dragging on the uterus and bladder

Pulling pains in the suspensory ligaments of the uterus

Constant pressure on the uterus, as if prolapsus would set in

Burning, red spots in the vulva

* Itching of the vulva

Deep stitches in the vagina and neck of the womb

Leucorrhcea after the menses

A leucorrhcea of long standing disappears during the use of the drug

Milky leucorrhcea

Acrid leucorrhcea, causing excoriation of the vulva

The menses are too early by three days

The menses are too early by seven days

The menses are too early by ten days,2-

The menses appear on the regular day, but are very pale, and much less abundant than usual

The menses reappear after they had ceased for several days

Metrorrhagia

Respiratory Organs p. 558

Larynx, Trachea, and Bronchi. Dryness and roughness in the larynx

During the menses, tightness at the larynx, hoarseness in the morning; dry cough in the morning

Excoriating pain in the larynx

Voice. Hoarseness, especially in the morning, with excoriating pain in the larynx, when talking

The voice, though not much altered, loses its compass during the whole time of the proving ; the lower notes are unchanged, but the higher notes cause an excoriating pain, which finally makes their rendering impossible

Cour/fl and Expectoration. Cough excited by tickling in the larynx, trachea and bronchi

Dry cough, morning and evening

Cough with profuse whitish expectoration, sometimes saltish, sometimes flat and nauseous

Rough cough, with difficult expectoration of greenish mucus

Respiration. Foul breath in the morning

Slow respiration

Chest. Burning in the chest

Sense of fulness at the chest, which frequently obliges one to sigh

Oppression of the chest, with labored breathing, while working in a stooping position, as when digging

Front. Pressure on the sternum

Sides. Stitches in the right side of the chest

Heart and Pulse p. 558

Frequent and very feeble pulsation of the heart

Palpitation of the heart, during work

Neck and Back p. 558

Neck.

Rheumatic pain in the nape of the neck and left side of the neck

Back. Stiffness in the back, which ceases when walking

Dorsal. Pullings in both shoulder-blades

Stitches in the left shoulder-blade

Stitches between the shoulders, cutting short the respiration

Burning pain in the . dorsal spine

Lumbar. Lumbar pains,™.

Pains dull, and as if spasmodic, in the lumbar region

Extremities in General p. 558

Trembling of the limbs

Twitchings of the limbs, during rest

Superior Extremities p. 558

Numbness of the arm on which one is lying, at night

Shoulder. Pain of dislocation in the right shoulder

Acute pain in the left shoulder

Acute stitches at the left axilla, penetrating into the chest

The axillary glands are sensitive to contact

Elbow. Violent pressure in the right elbow joint, in the evening; during the previous night it had been in the other shoulder

Forearm. Pulb ings in the forearms

Wrist. Violent pain in the left wrist

Sand. Trembling in the hands

Fingers. Stiffness in the fingers

Inferior Extremities p. 559

Numbness of the limbs, when sitting

Intolerable uneasiness in the lower limbs

Hip. Rheumatic pains (as if caused by great fatigue) in the left hip and knee, with spasms of the uterus, during menstruation

Cramplike pain in both hips, worse in the right

Bruised pain in the right hip, when lying on it

Bruised pain in the right hip, when walking and when touching it

Thigh. Before the gripings, constrictive pain in the hollow of the femoral bone

Knee. Cracking in the knees, when stretching the legs

Dull pain in the knees

Pressure in the left knee, while walking

Ankle. Violent pain in the right ankle, while walking and during rest

Foot. Swelling of both feet

Swelling of the left foot

Pain, as if sprained, in the feet, very troublesome when first commencing to walk, and which disappears while walking.2.

During the cold stage, pain on the dorsum of the foot, during motion

Generalities p. 559

Objective. Spasmodic paroxysms and other hysterical symptoms

Languor, with anxious sadness

Muscular weakness increases

Subjective. Excessive sensitiveness of the whole nervous system, so that noise makes him start, and angers him

Extreme sensitiveness to cold, dampness

In most cases a diminished sensibility

Pulling in all the muscles, especially in the evening and at night

Pulsations here and there

Skin p. 559

Objective. Eruptions, Dry. Eruption on the skin, consisting of isolated, sharply defined, somewhat elevated bright-red spots, with elevations similar to the sting of a wasp, confluent on the ears and backs of the hands ; after a few days they became brownish-yellow, like the so-called liver-spots ; there was no desquamation except on the ears, which was a fine mealy desquamation ; even after four weeks burning spots could be seen

Eruption resembling roseola, but the spots are more elevated and larger, confluent on certain portions of the chest and arms, and look something like petechia; the eruption disappears at the end of four days, without perceptible desquamation

Uneasiness during two days, followed by a very hard chill, which is succeeded by heat and an eruption of very circumscribed lenticular patches; this eruption gives rise to intense itching and pricking of the skin; it is like measles, bid is without any catarrhal symptoms. On the third day the fever subsides, and the eruption grows paler. On the seventh day the skin has a mottled appearance. The eruption does not wholly disappear for five days; no desquamation?.

Eruption of a number of red blotches all over the body, but especially on the face

Red miliary eruption, sometimes discrete, sometimes confluent, preceded by headache, vertigo, and loathing

In a few days a general copaiva erythema declared itself, with the usual characters of that eruption

Copaiba produces a rash well described by Judd in his work ; a rosy erythema of "pumiceous aspect, as though the skin had been bitten by insects

Eruption like scarlet fever or nettlerash over the whole body ; this eruption appeared first in the face, especially on the forehead, afterwards on the backs of the hands, then on other portions of the body, with severe burning in the skin

* Nettlerash (several authors).

Large red blotches all over the body, with constipation and some fever

Elevated eruption, confluent on the hands and feet, scarlet, or like elevated measles

Small furfuraceous tetter on the concha of the left ear, with burning pain only when touched

Urticaria, at first on the face, especially the forehead, then on the back of the hands, and finally in other parts. Burning of the skin, slight sore throat (without swelling of the pharynx or tonsils), and sensation as if a violent perspiration would break out, as it does afterwards. No fever or thirst; red, distinct raised spots, like bugbites, running together only on the ears and the backs of the hands. On the sixth day the redness disappears, and the spots assume a brown color, without desquamating, except on the ears

Small, red, slightly itching pimples on the upper part of the forehead, on hairy scalp, above the ears and on the occiput

Red itching spot on the left arm

Red slightly itching spots at the sternal region and the right axilla

Yellowish spots of the size of a dime, of irregular shapes, and slightly itching, on the right cheek, morning and evening

Eruptions, JKoist. The eruption which now appeared was a modified pemphigus, and was generalized over the whole body, commencing at the flexures of the joints. Where the skin was thin the bulla? aborted, but where it was thicker they were regularly raised and more or less lasting. The discharge from the patches deprived of their epidermis was excessive, of an offensive odor, and very viscid

After six weeks of emollient treatment the pemphigus disappeared in a general desquamation

Red humid tetter (after eight days) on the upper lip, which is swollen and painful when touched

Small white miliary vesicles on a red base on the left wing and tip of the nose

Redness and moist acridity on the scrotum and between it and the thighs

UruptiOflSf Pustular. Tormenting eruptions only between the fingers and on both forearms as far as the bend of the elbow ; pustules like the itch, with red areolae, containing a red watery fluid, with itching pain

Mild eruptive fever, with inconsiderable general heat and moderate headache. An eruption quite like that of distinct variola comes out on the third day; it is purple-hued and not very well marked. In twelve hours it spreads, sinks down, and each of its pustules becoming depressed, soon forms only a petechial blotch, which then proceeds to enlarge itself, to be confounded with adjacent blotches, and thus to become confluent. It gradually fades away, and on the fifth day disappears

Boil on the pubis

Subjective. Burning in the skin of the scrotum

Itching of the cheeks, here and there, in the eyebrows and on the chin

Sleep and Dreams p. 560

Slee2)ness Drowsiness in the daytime

Sleeplessness. Sleeplessness and great restlessness all night, after an embrace

* Restless sleep at night

Frequent waking

Wakes early and is unable to fall asleep again

Dreams. Frightful or lascivious dreams

Fever p. 560

Chilliness. Fever for several days in succession; in the morning coldness, with shudderings; in the afternoon general heat and thirst

Coldness of the feet, knees, and thighs at night

Icy coldness of the feet, from morning till noon

Cold hands

Cold feet and knees during the menses

Sweat. Sweat

Sensation as though copious sweat would break out, which afterwards took place in bed

Profuse and inodorous sweat in the morning

Sour-smelling sweat at night

The whole of the Copaiba seems to have been absorbed and to have exercised its influence upon the skin, by which it is always more or less eliminated, giving its odor to the perspiration

Conditions p. 560

Aggravation.

(Morning), Soon after waking, sadness ; during menses, sadness, etc. ; when washing face with cold water, stitches in temples ; stitches in occipital protuberance ; contraction of orbicularis muscle; stoppage of nose; nausea; in bed, and after rising, emission of flatulence; diarrhoea, etc.; hoarseness, etc.; foul breath; coldness, et?-~(Forenoon)> When riding on horseback, vertigo; headache; coldness of feet

(Afternoon), Sadness, etc. ; general heat, etc.

(Evening), When going to bed, hungry; pressure in elbow-joint; pulling in all muscles.

(Night), Pam in. temple; frequent micturition ; pain in hips; pulling in all muscles ; coldness of feet, etc.

(After cafe au lait), Immediately, cutting pains, etc.

(During and after eating), Rush of blood to head, etc.

(During menses), Cold feet, etc.

(Pressing part against jnllow), Pain in temple.

(During rest), Twitching of limbs.

( When sitting), Numbness of legs.

( II hen standing), Beating in ovarian region.

(Standing upright and motionless ), Vertigo.

(Stooping while working), Oppression of chest, etc.

(After urinating), Itching, etc., in urethra.

( While walking), Pressure in knee.

( When commencing to walk), Pain in feet.

(During work), Palpitation of heart.

Amelioration p. 561

(Pressure), Pain in temporal region.

(During a walk), Sadness; reverberation of sounds in head ; stiffness in back.

(Continuing to walk), Pain in feet.