Cuprum Aceticum

Neutral Acetate of Copper, C2H3CUO0 + Aq. The symptoms here included, from various kinds of food cooked in copper vessels, belong to tbe acetate, subacetate, carbonate, and some organic salts of copper, the action of all of which is nearly or quite identical.

Preparation, Triturations.

Authorities. 1, Fabas, Journ. de Med., XVI, 228, poisoning by verdigris, from Hahnemann’s Cuprum; 2, Hamburg Mag., VIII, 442, poisoning by verdigris, from ibid.; 3, Lauzoiius, Misc. Nat. Cur., Dec., Ill, case 7 to 8, Obs., 10, from verdigris, ibid.; 4, Orfila, Toxicologic, cases of poisoning by verdigris, ibid.; 5, Percival, Med. Trans., Ill, 8, from eating coppery pickle, ibid.; 6, Pet. de Abbano, De Venen., c. 16, effect of verdigris, ibid.; 7, Pyl, Sainml., VHI, 90, poisoning by verdigris, ibid.; 8, Ramsey, Med. Obs. and Enq., from verdigris in food, ibid.; 9, Finger, Act. Plelvet., V, 252, from verdigris, ibid.; 10, Drouard, Exper. et Obs., Sur Iempoison. par Ioxide de Cuivre, Diss. de Paris, 1802, effects of swallowing about a drachm of Egyptian salve (vert de gris, honey, and vinegar), from Wibmer ; 11, Pyl, Samml., von Ants., a. d. Starts-Arzk., Val. VIII, poisoning of a girl aged 24, by 4 ounces of vert de gris, Wibmer, same case as number 7; l2, Dual, Diss. sur la Toxicol., 1806, poisoning of a man by vert de gris, Wibmer; 13, same, poisoning of a soldier by ounces, Wibmer; 14, Reveille Parise, Gaz. de Saute, 1820, poisoning of a man aged 29, by a large dose, Wibmer; 15, Albert, Henke’s Zeit. f. d. Starts, 1832, poisoning of a family from eating sausages poisoned by V., Wibmer; 16, Rhodium, Obs. Cent., Ill, Obs., 95, a gardener poisoned by fishes cooked with salt and (fil in copper vessels, Wibmer; 17, Strack, Journ. de Med. Chir., etc., t. 24, 1766, poisoning of four children from beans cooked in copper, Wibmer; 18, Navier, Coutre-poisons de Iars., du sul. cor., du Vert de gris, etc., Paris, 1777, a girl aged 18, poisoned by butter from a copper spoon, Wibmer ; 19, Jeanroy, Mem. de la Sac. Roy. de Med., 1778, poisoning of a family by meat cooked in copper, Wibmer; 20, Fahner, Beit. Zar. pr. cud. Ger. Heilk., 1, 297, a girl aged 18, poisoned by beans cooked in copper, Wibmer; 21, Manihot-Deslandes, from Drouard’s Diss., a woman poisoned by fish cooked with vinegar in copper, Wibmer; 22, Langeubeck, Deutsche Kliuik, 1851, thirty-one persons poisoned by food cooked in fat which had become green from remaining two days in copper vessels, Fr. Mag., 4, 859; 23, Renauldiu, Journ. Univ. Med., 1820, a man aged 24, swallowed 3 or 4 grains of verdigris in coffee, Fr. Mag., 4, 511; 24, Wittcke, Med. Zeit. v. Ver. Preuss., 1838, a man aged 30, took half an ounce of V., Fr. Mag., 1, 44; 25, Beer, five cases of poisoning by candies colored with copper, from Orfila’s Toxicology; 26, Orfila, a man aged 44, took half an ounce of verdigris; 27, same, poisoning by food cooked in copper; 28, Frank, Journ. de ISled., 1755, a lady and four daughters by milk soup cooked in copper (Hempel’s Mat. Med., II, 249); 29, Munneke, Archiv. f. Horn., 15, 3, ^9; persons poisoned by broth cooked in copper; 30, Escolai*, L’Union, 1854, poisoning of an apothecary by pounding verdigris (Herscbel’s Archiv., 2, 81); 31, Reinhardt and Hence, a man took 3 ounces for suicide, from the same; 32, Davidson, Med. Facts and Obs., London, 1792, p. 61, eight persons poisoned by soup served with a copper ladle greened by long exposure to the air ; 33, Canton, Clin. Sac. Trans., Lond., 1870, a sailor drank lemon-juice which had stood in a copper kettle ; 34, Corrigens, Dubl. Hosp. Gaz., 1854, poisoning of a man by handling verdigris; 35, Armstrong, five persons poisoned by pudding containing verdigris, Med. Times, 1844 (from Berridge’s collection, suppl. to B. J. of Horn., 1874); 36, Journ. de Chim. Med., 1854, four persons poisoned by verdigris in soup (Berridge’s coll.); 37, Boggy, lady poisoned by an injection from a brass syringe covered with verdigris, Berridge, from Lancet, 1869; 38, Fothergill's, poisoning by water from a spring impregnated with copper, Berridge, from “ Caution to Heads of Families,” 1790; 39, Journ. Gen. de Med., 1827, sixteen persons poisoned by milk from a goat that had eaten sour soup from a copper vessel (goat died), (Berridge’s coll.) ; 40, The Chemist, men poisoned by wine from copper vessels, Berridge’s coll.; 41, Journ. de Connais., 1843, a woman poisoned by verdigris; 42, Reinhardt, Henke’s Zeit., 1854 (Band F. M. Ch. Rev.), a man poisoned by ounces; 43, Moore, Loud. Med. Gaz., 44, p. 487, poisoning of Hindoos on shipboard by verdigris; 44, La Chinese (Lond. Med. Gaz., 4, 155), poisoning by vinegar in which copper coin had been steeped; 45, Chevalier, Le Cuivre, etc., p. 20, poisoning of four persons by grape-jelly containing acetate of copper; 46, Richard, Lond. Med. Gaz., 11, 211, effects of milk cooked in copper; 47, Journ. Gen. de Med. (from Med.-Chir. Rev., 1,158), poisoning by peas that had stood in copper vessels ; 48, Taylor, Guy’s Hosp. Rep., 1866, poisoning of six persons by gravy cooked in copper; 49, Croserio, Journ. de la INled. Horn., 1,1846, poisoning by artichokes kept in a copper vessel; 50, Breyfogle, Med. Investigator, 8, 481, poisoning of several persons by food cooked in copper; 51, Elb (from Hering’s Cuprum), effects of Cupr. ac., accidentally taken in a large (homoeopathic) dose ; 52, Derange, Journ. de Med. de Bordeaux (Loud. Med. Gaz., 31), fatal poisoning by the carbonate.

Mind p. 17

Emotional. Attacks of rage frequently returning; she tried to bite the bystanders

Attaclca of mania; he fancies that he is a military officer; a fancy that he is selling green vegetables; a fancy that he is repairing old chairs. Merry singing. He spits in the faces of the attendants, and laughs heartily at it

* Attacks of mania, with full, rapid, hard pulse, inflamed eyes, wild look, and disconnected talking, ending iviih sweat

Attacks of surly, ill-natured mania

* Delirium

Delirium furious duilng the first day (in only one boy),'^l

Delirium (appeared in seven of the Worst cases) of a quiet kind, consisting of unintelligible murmurings, at times interrupted by lamentations,^'!

Delirium or constant sopor, in some amounting to complete coma, in others, on the contrary, to complete sleeplessness

Slight delirium,^!

Disconnected, delirious talking

Raving during sleep (second day)

* Talks all the time (third day)

Taciturnity (second day),^k

* Crying like a child

Frequent crying out

Their look is confused, but they are in full possession of their mental faculties, and their speech is easy and perfectly rational. Nevertheless they are still liable to these paroxysms of howling, which always come unexpectedly

Anxiety,^"'etc.

* Great anxiety (soon after),^'; (third day)

* Great anxiety, with unusual tossing about the bed

That anxiety peculiar to pain in the stomach

Apprehensiveness

Loss of sensitiveness, and moping in a corner

liltellectiial, *Loud speaking aroused them from their fancies; they were obliged, however, to think a long time before they could answer

Loss of consciousness

He fell down unconscious, with sudden convulsions

Found stretched without sense upon the floor (after two hours and a half)

In thirty to sixty minutes, they sank into a semi-conscious state, voice very faint, eyes half open, fixed, glassy, insensible to light, pulse very weak, in some quick, in others slow, difficult to arouse, and when aroused, complaining of a cold, and of violent pain in the abdomen

Lethargic stupefaction

Head p. 18

Confusion and Vertigo. *Great confusion of the head

Great confusion of the head, with beating pains in it (second day)

Vertigo ^®.

Vertigo, even to falling down if she arose from bed; this was especially distressing when she was obliged to rise on account of her bowels

Vertigo, a very marked and persistent symptom, mostly violent; it usually outlasted all the other symptoms, though it was generally relieved by the evacuations of the bowels; it was always combined with a certain degree of stupefaction

Vertigo, so violent that the patient is unable to sit up in bed

Spinning vertigo

Reeling from side to side, increasing so that patients were obliged at last to go to bed

General Head. The head is drawn obliquely

The head is drawn backward

Violent congestion to the head

Dulness and headache

Heaviness of the head; (third day),*®, etc.

Head heavy and pained (second day)

Feeling of heaviness in the head

Pain in the head (after half an hour)

Most violent pains in the head, chest, and abdomen

Pains in the head, becoming more and more intolerable (tw^o cases)

Compressive pain in different parts of the head (third day)

Headache,(after twenty-five hours); (after fortytwo hours),*®, etc.

Headache in nearly all cases; in severe cases very violent, especially in the forehead and vertex, becoming less after one or two days, sometimes, however, returning

Headache in the evening

Much headache

Great headache

Severe headache, succeeded by vomiting and purging

Violent headache,etc.

Frightful headache

Agonizing headache at distinct intervals like paroxysms, lancinating pains, sometimes in the forehead, sometimes in the top of the head, sometimes in the temples or occiput, aggravated hy the slightest pressure (third day),*®._ Sensation of pressure and heaviness in the head

Very severe lancinations in the head, especially when turning it to either side; it felt as if fastened to the shoulders by a long peg (third day)

Throbbing pain in the whole head

Beating headache

Forehead, Violent pain in the frontal region

Violent pains in the forehead

Temples. Temporal veins much swollen and hard (third day)

Painful throbbing in the temporal arteries

Parietals. Unpleasant drawing in left side of head, extending to the face, the ear, behind the ear, and to the same side of the neck, as if all the parts were put on the stretch (second day),*®._ External Head. Hair sensitive, and as if sore when touched (third day)

Peculiar, indescribable sensation in the scalp of the upper part of the head, like a pricking tickling (third day)

Eyes p. 19

Objective. Red inflamed eyes, with a wild look (during the delirium)

Brilliant eyes (soon)

Sparkling eyes (soon after)

Staring, sunken eyes

Eyes prominent (second day)

Eyes sunken

Eyes sunken and dim

Eyes sunken, deeply seated, surrounded by blue rings

Fixed eyes

Eyes fixed upward

Broiv. Severe pain over eyes (after half an hour)

Eyelids very red and swollen, so that they could hardly be opened (third day)

Conjunctiva. Conjunctiva yellow, of a greenish hue,*®.-White of the eye somewhat red (second day)

Conjunctiva of eyes bloodshot

Pupil. Pupils dilated; (second day)

Pupils always very much dilated, but sensitive to light

Pupils contracted (second day)

Pupils contracted in only three cases (out of thirty-one) in which there was much congestion of the head during the first days

Vision. Photophobia (second day)

Eyes cannot tolerate the lamp-light

Frequent blackness before the eyes, flickering and vision of sparks

Ears p. 19

Difficult hearing

Slight deafness

Complete deafness, in a girl of 22,®®.

Roaring and ringing in the ears (second day)

Roaring and ringing in the ears, in some cases continuing a long time, and associated with difficult hearing, Avhich only gradually disappeared during convalescence

Nose p. 19

Nose red and swollen (third day)

Very violent fluent coryza, with lachrymation and smarting in the eyes (third day)

Epistaxis (fifth day)

Profuse epistaxis, with petechiae, in a child, twenty-four hours before death

Face p. 19

Objective. Countenance heavy (second day)

Features sad, depressed

He was a miserable-looking man

Face expressed the greatest anxiety

Countenance expressive of pain (soon)

Face expressive of great pain

Paleness (second day)

Pale face; (third day)

Face pale, collapsed

Face pale, with expression of the greatest prostration, or even of complete stupidity

Jaundice, with quiet expression

Jaundice appeared on the second day, was still worse on the third, with vomiting and eructations, sensation of heaviness in the head,, difficult hearing, grayish stools, great thirst, dark turbid urine, with yellowish sediment; jaundice disappeared after about two weeks

Face and eyelids red (second day)

Face, in some cases, red and turgid, during the first days

Face in one case red, in the others pale

Face very red and swollen (third day)

Face flushed (second day)

Features altered, full of anxiety

Swelling of face (soon after)

Face and eyelids swollen and red (second day)

Face puffy, red, hot

Sunken face

Face sunken, yellow

Features distorted (from larger quantities)

Spasmodic distortion of the face

Face at times spasmodically distorted, when the eyes seemed staring and retracted in the orbits

Lips. Lips swollen (third day)

Chin. Spasmodic contraction of the jaws

Could not speak on account of tetanic contraction of the jaws and spasm of the pharynx

Teeth firmly closed (after three hours)

Mouth p. 19

Gums. Gums ulcerated (third day)

Tongue. Tongue swollen and pale

Tongue rather white (second day)

White furred tongue

Tongue at first coated white or yellowish, moist; in worse cases the margins became red, after one or two days, while the back remained pale, or the whole tongue seemed red with enlarged papillae, but moist; in the worst cases it became very red and dry, the papillae very prominent, giving the tongue a rough look; when the disease was at its height it was cracked and brownish ; in other cases the epithelium came off on the eighth day, and the whole mucous membrane of the mouth was loosened in large flakes; in another case on the sixth day some roundish ulcers with a yellow base appeared at the tip and on the margins

Tongue green

Tongue greenish

Tongue, in several cases, red, in others moist, and covered with a whitish or yellowish fur

Tongue furred and clammy

Tongue moist and flabby

Tongue, in mild cases, moist and pale, or only red on the margins, but in most cases, red, dry, rough, with enlarged papillae

Tongue dry

Tongue and throat affected, as well as the mucous membrane of the mouth (second day)

General JMouth.

Dryness of the mouth

Dryness of the mouth and throat

Month dry (second day)

Dry mouth, without thirst (third day)

Pretty sharp pains in mouth and pharynx

Saliva. Much viscid saliva (third day)

Saliva accumulating, and flowing from mouth

Accumulation of water in the mouth

Taste, Taste flat

Foul, nauseous, bitter taste in mouth

Metallic taste in mouth (after half an hour)

Copperlike taste in mouth

Taste of copper, for several days

Sweetish coppery taste in the mouth

Coppery taste in the oesophagus (third day)

No taste in the mouth

Throat p. 20

Objective. Inflammation of the throat, preventing swallowing

Swelling of throat (second day)

Throat very much swollen (second day),**.^Throat hard and swollen ; could not swallow; in course of day, the difficulty of deglutition had increased so much that the patient did not wish to swallow any more (second day)

Spasm of the throat, which prevents speaking

Dryness of the throat, with thirst

Burning sensation in throat (after twelve hours), (one case)

Burning heat in throat (soon)

Sense of constriction in throat *®.

Pressive pain in the throat

Pricking sensations in throat

TJvala. Diffuse redness of the velum, with croupous exudation on the tonsils

Velum palate and posterior wall of the pharynx dark brownish-red, dry, without a trace of mucus, with great difficulty in swallowing, and rough voice

Fauces and Oesophagus. Spotted redness of the fauces

Constriction of gullet (soon)

* With ineffectual attempts at vomiting, they suffered from a distressing feeling of constriction hi the course of the oesophagus, and across the chest, in the direction of the diaphragm

SwaltoUHng. Swallowing difficult (third day)

Swallowing painful; (second day)

Stomach p. 20

Appetite. Disinclination to eat

Loss of appetite

Loss of appetite, even aversion to food

Appetite completely lost

No appetite; although stomach felt empty, as if wantingfood (third day)

Anorexia

A very great desire for acids ; they want nothing else, for several days

Th first. Thirst,*® *®, etc.

Great thirst

Great thirst for cold water

Thirst urgent

Intense thirst

Severe thirst (after twelve hours), (one case)

Violent thirst ®

Very violent thirst

Extremely violent thirst

Unquenchable thirst

Eructation and Hiccough. Eructations

Constant eructations,®.t

Frequent eructations of sourish bitter water preceded by hiccough (sixth day)

Frequent bitter and sourish eructations, as from heartburn, rising into the throat, so that it was spasmodically constricted and swallowing was prevented (sixth day)

Hiccough (after three hours)/

Hiccough, "svith spasmodic contractions of the pharynx,™.

Violent hiccough (after three hours),™.

Frequent singultus, often loud enough to be heaixl all over the house, the patient being unconscious

Nausea ami Vomit hi ff, Nausea,™; (soon),™.

Feeling of nausea (after twelve hours)

Nausea and vomiting,”™; (after twelve and twenty-six hours),™.

Nausea and frequent vomiting,™.

Nausea and vomiting of green substances,™.

* Nausea and vomiting of greenish liquid

Nausea, and in many cases, at times yellowish-green vomiting

Became sick (two women ; after fifteen minutes),™.

Desire to vomit,™.

Inclination to vomit (two cases),™.

Great inclination to vomit,™.

After the discharge of the contents of the stomach, and small quantities of bile, dry retching commenced,™.

Violent retching, vomiting,™.

Vomiting etc.

Vomiting, with colic,™.

Vomiting of ingesta (soon after),™.

In one case, vomiting of what had been eaten for breakfast, though at no other time; for several days,™.

Vomiting of an offensive odor, tasting like copper, preceded by constant hiccough

Vomiting of green fluid (after one hour),™.

Vomiting of frothy fluid, mixed with blood (second day)

Vomiting of blood and mucus,™.

Vomiting of porraceous and bloody matter,™.

Vomiting very frequent and violent, consisting of food and much greenish bitter fluid,™.

Vomiting of green slimy substances of a bitter taste, at one time of clear, very tenacious saliva, of a sweetish taste,™.

Vomiting of viscid, glairy matter, of a greenish color, and tinged with blood (fourth day)

Vomiting and diarrhoea became bloody (in three cases), excessively bloody in one instance, though these cases had but little pain in the bowels, and much more cramping in the limbs,™.

Vomiting attended, in each case, by a burning nausea arising from the stomach to the throat

Vomiting several times during the night,™.

Frequent vomiting of an almost brownish-yellow, in part blackish-green substance,™.

* Very frequent vomiting, usually after drinking (in a boy),™.

Constant vomiting ™

Constant vomiting, with most frightful pains in the abdomen,b

With the cramps, a constant vomiting of greenish and yellowish-green bile,V

Constant vomiting and purging,™.

Forcible vomiting

Violent vomiting, frequently

Violent vomiting and copious diarrhoea (after a quarter of an hour),™.

Violent vomiting of green bilious substances, together with frequent liquid stools,™.

* Violent vomiting of greenish water, coming on suddenly, and attended by copious greenish diarrhoea and violent pain in the bowels

Excessive vomiting, with constant pains in the stomach and tenesmus

Greenish vomiting

Vomited violently, and threw up all the poison (immediately),™.

About 2 pounds of a distinctly greenish fluid, with some blood, were ejected (second day)

Stomach. Epigastric region somewhat distended, and painful to touch,™.

Stomach weak,™.

Pain in the stomach

Pain in region of stomach (after twelve hours),™.

Intense pains in the region of the stomach (after two hours),™.

Violent pains in stomach and belly

Violent pains in digestive organs (almost immediately)

Violent pains and cramps in stomach and bowels (after a few hours)

Violent cardialgia,™.

Acute pains in stomach; in some cases very intense (soon)

Burning in stomach, rising into throat and mouth (third day),™.

A constant burning pain, or a sensation of internal heat in the epigastric region,™. Stomach at times contracted

Cramp in the stomach

Violent griping and pressure in the stomach, followed by vomiting,™.

griping and colicky pains in stomach and bowels

A constant pinching pressure in the stomach, which at times extended up into the throat, and at times down into the intestines

Violent tearing pains in the stomach

Violent tearing pain in the pit of the stomach

Violent colic in stomach and bowels (soon after)

Coliclike pain in stomach (after half an hour)

Stomach tender upon pressure (after three hours)

Epigastric region sensitive (many cases)

Epigastric region exceedingly sensitive to touch

Vomiting aggravated the distress in the stomach and bowels

Abdomen p. 22

Hypochondria. Pains in the right hypochondrium, extending to the right shoulder, on the fifth day

Left hypochondrium tender to pressure; (after half an hour)

JJnihilical. Dull pain in the umbilical region (after one hour)

Violent pain in the umbilical region

Very violent pain in the umbilical region, less noticed in the epigastric region,not aggravated by pressure

General Ahdotnen. Distension of abdomen (soon)

Distended abdomen (second day)

Abdomen distended, painful to touch

Abdomen distended, somewhat hard and painful to touch

Abdomen greatly distended

Rapid swelling of the abdomen,h

Abdomen tympanitic and painful on least pressure (second day)

Tympanites; in one case very distressing ; her abdomen becoming tense as a drum, which, however, was not very long in subsiding

Abdomen meteoric, painful to pressure

Abdomen flattened, but sensitive (second day),^h

Abdomen contracted, slightly painful to pressure

Belly contracted, hard, and very sensitive all over to the slightest pressure (second day),*h

Retracted abdomen

Hardness of the abdomen, with great painfulness when touched

Abdomen hard, retracted (in a boy of ten years), drawn backward, almost to the spine, not sensitive to pressure

Violent spasmodic motions in the intestines and in the stomach,I

Chronic gastro-enteritis

Pains in the abdomen etc.

Pains in the abdomen during digestion

Pains in the abdomen, with internal sensation of burning heat

Abdomen painful and distended (second day)/h

Abdomen painful, hard, and distended

Pains in the intestines

Internal heat in abdomen,^h

A feeling of tension, although the abdomen Avas neither distended nor retracted

Feeling as though all the intestines were constricted

Griping

Occasional griping pains in abdomen

Violent gripes (soon),*h

Continuous dull pain, like a cramp, in the middle of the abdomen, and in one or the other side, most frequently the left (third day)

Occasional cramp in the bowels, for several days

Violent spasmodic pains in the abdomen, which is distended

Bellyache and internal heat in abdomen

Drawing sensation in the (eft side of the abdomen, from below the false ribs to the bend of the thigh (second day)

From time to time very transient drawing pains in the abdomen

A feeling as if the intestines were drawn into knots, in most cases continuous, in some paroxysmal, Avith inclination to draw the knees up, and press hard upon the bowels

Acute pains and Swelling of abdomen (soon after),^h

Pressure made Avith tbe palm of the hand over the different parts of the abdomen, in the epigastric region, and over the transit of the arch of the colon, in general caused a pungent pain

Tearing-cutting pain in the abdomen

Corroding stitches and internal ulcers in the intestines

Colicky pains, Avith feeling of distension of abdomen (after half an hour)

The symptoms began Avith coliclike pains extending transversely across the abdomen, remitting at times, but not intermitting, and not remarkably increased by pressure, Avith a hard and retracted abdomen

Colic,® ® *\ etc.

Colic, with violent vomiting,”. Colic, Avith almost constant urging to stool (third day)

Colic, Avith diarrhoea, every ten minutes, together Avith retching

Pretty severe colic (two cases)/

Violent colic/* ^ etc.

Violent colic, with vomiting

Very violent colic

Extremely violent, colicky, cutting pain constricting the abdomen

Terrible colic (two cases),*l

Cutting constrictive colic

Abdomen so_ sensitive she could not bear any covering (second day),**. Pains in the intestines were terribly aggravated by pressure of the hand,'I oo j r

Rectum and Anus p. 23

Rectum so inflamed and sensitive that an enema could not be administered (second day)

Sensation of heaviness and uneasiness at the rectum, after stool (third day),‘I

Smarting at the anus, after stool (third day)

Frequent urging to stool

Tenesmus after stool (third day)

Constant tenesmus

Severe tenesmus, and burning sensation felt within the rectum, and close to the sphincter am (in all cases)

Violent, painful tenesmus (third day)

Stool. Diarrhoea. Diarrhoea *'; (after twelve hours),*®, etc.

Constant diarrhoea,**.-Profuse diarrhoea; the stools continued for a long time, auth tenepnus and prostration, only relieved after eight days

[340.j \violent diarrhoea,^. Diarrhoea, slimy, mucous, brown, afterwards greenish, mixed with streaks of blood,'®. Purging

Purging; stools copious, watery, and dark

Purging, with tenesmus

Stools very frequent (at first)

\ ery frequent liquid stools, with a great deal of bright-red blood, and shreds of nionibiane, sometirnGs v^ery scanty, sometimes more abundant, sometimes containing fragments of solid faecal matter (third day)

Frequent evacuations (one case)

Frequent small bilious stools, with burning and tenesmus

Frequent calls to evacuate the bowels. Every half hour, or even less, sometimes in the course of twenty minutes, they were forced to go to the ship’s chains; but seldom, in the attempt to relieve the bowels, was feculent matter discharged. Blood in small quantities, and slimy mucous stools tinged with blood, were passed from the rectum. Shreds of lymph and frothy ashen-colored secretions were forced from the bowels by dint of straining. V without affording relief in a single case, these discharges from the bowels aggravated the sufferings of the patient

Stools involuntary, liquid, not very copious, coming either at the commencement of the disease, or after twm or three days

Profuse involuntary, liquid, green, and offensive stools (after three hours)

In two cases (children) the stools were involuntary during the collapse; one bloody, the other not

Copious stools (third day)

Copious stool, containing a pretty large quantity of acetate of copper (third day)

Liquid stools

Thin liquid stools,*®. Awakened at 2 A.M., while lying on abdomen (an unusual position Avith him), by a copious liquid stool, so hurried that it escaped over a portion of the bed, with colic aud headache (third day)

Grayish stools

Stools small, greenish, of slimy mucus ; one or two minutes before a stool there was always violent griping in the intestines, which continued after the stool, but only a short time ; the stool w^as always followed by great urging, like the tenesmus of dysentery

Bloody discharges from the bowels

Stools at times streaked with blood

Stool consisting of almost clear bright-red blood (in a boy 6 years old), (third day)

Stools usually preceded by increase of the colic

Stool always followed by relief of the general symptoms

Constipation. Constipation (Interaction)"; (second day),*®, etc.

Constipation for several days

Constipation for four days

[Constipation, with great heat of the body],*.]

Prolonged constipation, with slight drawing pains about the umbilicus and flanks from

f No unwonted thing with her says the reporter.

Hughes. time to time, seldom lasting over one hour

Obstinate const^patiou, with persistent tenesmus/

Stools for the most part constipated/''. Stools scanty, raucous, at first brownish, afterwards greenish, and on the next day streaked with blood

No movement of the bowels (in any) for six or seven days

Urinary Organs p. 24

3Iictiirition. Evacuations of the bladder and bowels on the fourth day, Avith relief of the symptoms

Micturition every five or ten minutes; she was, however, able to pass only a little urine; the passage Avas attended Avith smarting, as from soreness in the urethra

Involuntary passage of urine

Micturition, Avith burning,®'. Urine scanty

Urine scanty and scalding (second da}')

Retention of urine

Suppression of urine (third day)

Suppression of urine and fseces (fifth day)

Complete suppression of urine and feces

Urine suppressed altogether (or retained in the bladder)

JJrillC. Urine high-colored and tinged Avith blood

Urine dark-red, turbid, with yellowish sediment

Urine usually brownish, turbid, depositing a sediment (in many cases normal)

Urine turbid and jumentous

Urine turbid, dark-red, with yellowish sediment

Respiratory Organs p. 24

Couffh and Expectoration. Frequent, violent, dry cough, with tearing pain in the head; the cough was followed by violent pulsation of the heart, lasting several mimdes; at this time the anxiety and pressure in the chest returned, especially while sitting ; cough came on at night between 11 and 1 (sixth day)

Much expectoration (one case)

JRespiratioii. Respiration accelerated

Respiration, though rapid, was free

Breathing short (after three hours)

* DifB.- cult respiration

Dyspnoea (second day)

* Suffocative loss of breath

Chest p. 24

* The chest was spasmodically constricted, whereby the respiration was impeded, increojiing her already great anxiety

In one case the vomiting Avas followed immediately by a succession of sharp cramping spasms in the chest, causing the young lady to scream out

Heart and Pulse p. 24

Heaves Action. Violent palpitation of the heart

Pulse. Pulse quick, and at the same time so small and weak and thready as scarcely to be felt

Rapid spasmodic pulse

Pulse small, rapid, spasmodic

Pulse hard, full, and frequent (third day)

Pulse moderately accelerated, soft

Pulse moderately accelerated, small and soft

Pulse in many cases not altered in frequency; in others, especially towards the termination of the disease accelerated, seldom above 90, soft, becoming small and Aveak

Small regular pulse, about 80 a minute

Pulse from 120 to 140; small and Aviry

SloAV pulse, 24 to the minute,'.f

Quick and irregular pulse

Pulse small and irregular

Pulse small, irregular, at times convulsive

Pulse large, sloAV, and intermitting (second day)

Pulse, in four cases small, contracted, and sloAV, in one case (a full-blooded boy) hard, full, and frequent, Avith red face and dry skin

Pulse hard, small, and very sIoav (after three hours)

Pulse full and hard

Pulse hard (third day)

Hard and contracted pulse (second day)

Pulse contracted

Pulse small, contracted

Pulse small, contracted, but regular

Pulse small, Aveak hard, contracted

Depressed pulse (soon) ; (second day)

Pulse oppressed (second day)

Laboring pulse (soon after)

Neck and Back p. 24

Lancinating pain at nape of neck, on bendinohead backwards (third day)

Stitch in the left shoulder-blade, on moA ing the bead (third day)/®.

Pain between the shoulders/®.

Pain in the loins/®.

In the loins and sacrum, at the navel and in the iliac region, acute lancinating pains were complained of in each case,^l

Extremities in General p. 25

Objective. Trembling of the limbs/*®, etc.

Convulsive movements of the limbs/*®.

Slight convulsions inliinbs (second day)

Spasms of the limbs

Constant painful jerkings in the hands and feet, extending upward into the upper arm and into the legs, with cramps in the calves ; this jerking very plainly alternated between the flexor and extensor tendons,-®.

Periodic spasmodic contraction of the fingers and toes, frequently so severe that the fingers could scarcely be extended by any force; these contractions were pa infulfi.

Unusual loss of power of the arms and limbs (after several days)

Weakness of the limbs

A gradually increasing weakness and prostration of the limbs

M weakness and pain (aching) in the limbs for several days

Subjective. Extremities benumbed

Pains and cramp in the extremities

Pain in the limbs as from exhaustion (third day)

Pain at the elbows, in the bend of the knees, etc., with a feeling of languor in all the limbs

Cramps in the extremities

* Cramps in the extremities, and convulsive movements of the limbs

Violent drawing and tension in the limbs,frequently associated xvith shuddering and chilliness, though the shin teas not coldfi.

B bruised sensation and feeling of paralysis in the extremities and small of the back, so that it was difficult to use the limbs, associated with tearing pains (fourth day)

Superior Extremities p. 25

Objective. No power to hold anything in the hand (fourth day)

Subjective. Tearing pains in the upper extremities

Hands. Hands became numbed (after twelve hours), (one case)

Fingers. Nails white (after twelve hours), (one case)

Inferior Extremities p. 25

Objective. Great Weakness of the legs

Remarkable weakness of the legs/.f

Subjective. ^Cramps in the lower extremities, especially in the calves

Thighs. Pains in the thighs

Dull pain in the muscles of the thighs on the anterior surface

legs. Lies constantly Avith the legs drawn up

Cramps in the calves

Violent cramps in the calves

As the pulse rose, and they became Aarm, violent cramping, paroxysmally, in the calves, appeared in two cases, drawing one limb sideways and backward, but always relieved by rubbing

Toes. Both large toes Averse tetanically draAvn dowuAAard, Avith most violent pains in the soles of the feet

Generalities p. 25

Objective. Emaciation

Emaciation of a greater or less degree, in all cases, lasting a long time, and only after several months did the natural Aveight and healthy color return

Great loss of flesh

On venesection, the blood shoAAed an inflammatory crust (second day)

Most of the patients lay still and apathetic, looking straight ahead, Avith dim, lustreless eyes and a stupid relaxed expression

Lying on the back, Avith the head bent backward

The limbs and trunk AAere stiff, the jaAVS clenched

Great trembling, especially of the hands, Avhich incapacitated them from holding anything Avith safety

The AAhole frame seemed to AA rithe under-the pain

Frequent twitchings at night (“during sleep”)

Convulsions; (fifth day)/

Convulsions; his limbs and body were stiff, jaws clenched

Convulsions, AAitli constant vomiting and violent pains in the abdomen, Avhich gradually passed

into a paralysis/.

Convulsions (in only one case out of thirty-one, a ro-

bust woman of 47) after violent pains in the last dorsal vertebra, which were not sensitive to pressure; the pains extended suddenly into the left arm, as far as the wrist; the arm was spasmodically flexed and extended for several minutes, followed by loss of power (with perfect sensibility), lasting several hours; these attacks returned on the two following days, gradually becoming weaker; the paralytic weakness of the arm and pain in the back disappeared on the following day

Convulsions that seemed to involve more particularly the abdomen and the upper and lower extremities; when thus attacked, they uttered a horrible cry, a sort of howl, or croaking resembling the croaking of frogs. They rose in their beds with iri-resistible force, so that the strongest men were unable to keep them down. They were quite crazy, looked frightened and attempted to escape; their eyes glistened and seemed to start from their sockets. They stared and looked wild. These paroxysms came so frequently that they seemed to continue without any interruption. If one was attacked, the other persons, upon hearing the cries of their companion, were likewise attacked with rage. Thus they kept up a sort of reciprocal howling. Two of these persons are even now in this sort of sympathetic state of suffering, although they occupy entirely separate rooms; as soon as one feels the attack coming on, the other is likewise affected

Convulsions, followed by death in sixty hours

All the muscles agitated with violent convulsions; the limbs remaining rigid in the intervals (after three hours),^*. Convulsions so violent that six men had to hold him,®. Convulsions so violent that two men could scarcely hold the children,. Pressure upon stomach produced violent convulsions (after three hours)

Several spasmodic fits (third day)

Several members of the same family were at different times attacked Avith severe epileptic fits/

Paralysis

General depression

General lowness (second day) Lassitude

Great loss of strength

General weakness,k_ Great weakness

Remarkable weakness of the whole body,kf

Excessive weakness; the knees sink under her

Throughout the whole attack with the exception of the lady who had spasms of the chest, there was not the least restlessness, they seeming too weak to move a finger,®®._Extreme debility of constitution (after partial recovery)

Exhaustion^'^® _ Great exhaustion, for several days

Great exhaustion, so that she was scarcely able to sit upright in bed; on attempting to rise from bed, attacks ot vertigo and faintness (second day)

Prostration

Prostration of strength

Great prostration of strength

Faintness [Re peated fainting],k]

Great restlessness; (third day)

He isvery un easy and utter-s a piercing cry from time to _time,k

Extreme agitation (second day), . Subjective. Great sensitiveness to chant-es in the weather, for a long time

General heaviness (two cases)

[510 1 A sensation of inner restlessness and anxiety

A sensation‘of absolute prostration and exhaustion, and in some the slightest motion caused a kind of faintness

Unwell and drowsy (after twenty-two hours) (one casef

General distress and uneasiness (soon)

Pains shooting through the whole body, especially on the right side, causing a shuddering ®.

Pains in the bones, in the morning, with headache and nausea

Pains in the bones, with headache, during the remissions of delirium and convulsions ®

All the symptoms of cholera morbus

Copper causes enormous vomitings, profuse discharges of bile both upwards and downwards inflamed tions and erosions of both stomach and bowels, delirium, convulsions, syncope, and death

Spinning vertigo, nausea, vomiting of mucus, saliva running together and flowing from mouth, coppery taste on tongue, cutting pain in abdomen, constriction of chest, violent palpitation of the heart, sensation of coldness along the sternum, coldness of the extremities, internal heat in the abdomen, and great thirst; after Cupr. ac. accidentally taken in a large (homoeopathic) dose,®h

General cramps (fifth day),*h

A girl about ten years old was not attacked till next day

An old person was not affected till the third day

Aggravation from lying down ; almost as soon as he assumed the horizontal position, the symptoms, Avhich had subsided, returned (excepting retention of urine), (third day)

After diarrhoea, relief of the pains and of the hardness of the abdomen, followed usually by the nervous symptoms

Skin p. 27

Objective. Skin, pale, earthy, yellowish, without a real jaundice

Skin of a light-yellow color, especially on the face and conjunctiva (third day)

Skin flabby and relaxed, especially with a sunken face

Contraction of the skin of all the limbs,h

EvU2^tious. Eruptions on the skin

Eruption seemingly of a leprous kind, consisting of spots of different sizes, the largest of which were white and scaly, with moist base,'"appearing as if something acrimonous had been secreted under the cuticle, which thickened, rose and separated from the cutis. It was more or less all over the body, and very much amongst the hair of the head. There was no itching and no particular pain. The quantity of eruption was in exact proportion to the amount of soup eaten (after two days)

Rash on the chest and hands

Petechial spots on neck and arms (third day)

Subjective. Sensation like pin-pricks from within outwards in the skin of the face, and on the cheeks, forehead, head, and various other parts of the body (third day)

Formication in the hands, especially the finger-tips (third day)

Sleep and Dreams p. 27

Sleep^ness. Yawns and is sleepy, yet cannot get to sleep, on account of a crowd of ideas which he cannot drive off (third day)

Great sleepiness (second day)

Great inclination to slumber, which, however, was frequently interrupted by dreams

Lethargic sleep after vomiting

Soporous condition, especially in children

Inclination to coma (third day)

Great disposition to coma, which existed in three cases

Comatose state

Sleeplessness, Complete sleeplessness, frequently lasting three or four days

Sleep uneasy, not refreshing

Sleep restless, interrupted by dreams

2>/ 'pains. Anxious dreams, frightening her in sleep so that she awoke (second day)

Fever p. 27

Chilliness. Coldness (after forty-two hours), (after twelve hours)

Coldness of surface (fifth day)

Surface cold, and bathed in perspiration

Coldness of the skin

Skin became cold,*. ’Icy coldness of the whole body

Repeated shaking chill, so that the patient seemed to be affected with an intermittent (in one case),®®. Shivering

Shivering in body (after twenty-five hours)

Sensation of coldness along sternum

* Coldness of the extremities

* Coldness and severe cramp in extremities (soon softer)

* Gold extremities,[560.'] Extremities icy cold

Upper and lower extremities of icy coldness, and covered with a cold sweat

* Coldness and cramps of limbs Coldness of legs, hands, and feet (after twelve hours)

Hands and feet cold, . I he legs continue cold for four days

Heat. Skin warm, frequently covered Avith profuse sweat

Skin Alarm and dry,®®. Pungent heat of skin, . Fever (second day)/

Some fever, with a full, hard, frequent pulse, which was very variable without sufficient cause, even in the same case, in only four individuals out of thirty-one

Symptoms of acute fever set in immediately after the vomiting, etc.

Violent fever, Sweat. Sweat (fourth day),‘I

Profuse sweat

Profuse night-sweats

Cold sweat

During the collapse, the patients were covered with a cold clammy sweat, especially on the forehead, but would lie quietly, only moaning, the cheeks and eyes sunken, a bluish hue to the face, and the lower jaw hanging down

Skin dry and burning (third day),^®. Skin at first dry, afterwards moist and frequently (especially in great prostration) covered with profuse sweat

Profuse sweat on the forehead,®®. Collection of light-green perspiration (in which copper was found on analysis) between the toes, and underneath the nails

Conditions p. 28

Aggravation.

(Morning), Pains in bones.

(Evening), Headache.

(Night), Sweat.

(After drinking). Vomiting.

(Lxjing down). General symptoms, except retention of urine.

(Pressure), Headache ; pains in intestines.

(Sitting), Anxiety, etc., in chest.

(Diarrhoeic stools). The sufferings.

( Vomiting), Distress in stomach, etc.

Amelioration p. 28

(Rubbing), Cramps in calves.

(Diarrhoeic stools), Vertigo; general symptoms ; pains, etc., of abdomen.

Footnotes p. 20

† Not found.—UuGHEs.

† Not found.—Hughes.

† See S. 455. 1 W^hen fatigued with much vomiting.