Jaborandi

Pilocarpus pinnatus.

Natural order, Rutaceae. *

Common names, (Brazilian), jaborandi, Jaborandi, or Jaborandi. Note: This plant is used by the South American Indians as the special antidote to the bite of serpents of the Trigonocephalus group.

Preparation, Tincture of the leaves.

Authorities. 1, Prof. Gubler and M. Coutinho, effects of infusions of about 50 grains of the powdered leaf in about 6 ounces of water, taken cold (or hot), Journ. de Therap., 1874, No. 5 ; 2, same, effects on the urine; 3, Albert Robin, Journ. de Therap., 1874 and 1875, experiment with 6 grammes of powdered leaf; 4, same, general effects observed in ninety cases, healthy and sick; 5, same, effect on vision (in a patient with acute bronchitis, and in one convalescent from acute alcoholism); 6, same, sphygmographic tracings 1 to 5 in a healthy individual; 7, same, effect of an infusion of 5 grammes of leaves, in a laboring man; 8, same, effects on pulse and temperature, in healthy persons; 8 a, same, effects of 5 grammes in a very susceptible subject; 9, same, effects of 20 c.c. of elixir in a healthy subject, aged 19, tracings 6 and 7 ; 10, Ringer, Pharm. Journ., Nov. 1874, effects in two boys, about 11 years old, of an infusion of ^ drachm ; 11, Ringer and Gould, Practitioner, 13, 389, four experiments on three healthy boys; 12, Martindale, from Ringer, Phil. Med. Times, 1875, effects on self of a “full dose;” 12a, same, efect of extract applied to eye, in thirty instances; 13, Martindale, Pharm. Journ., 1875, effects on self of an infusion of 60 grains of leaf in 5 ounces of water; Note: Symptoms do not coincide with No. 12; 14, Dr. Bisset Smith, Brit. Med. journ., 1875, p. 174, a healthy boy, aged 17, took infusion of 6 grammes; 15, F. V. Green, M.D., Phil. Med. Times, Oct. 1875, effects of 1 drachm of fluid extract, in a patient suffering from syphilitic rheumatism, dose repeated after five days ; 16, same, repeated doses in another syphilitic patient; 17, same, a patient with orchitis and incipient bronchial trouble, with largely dilated pupils, took 1 fluid drachm of extract; Note: The pain entirely ceased and cough disappeared next morning; 18, William Craig, Edin. Med. Journ., Jan. 1876, effects of an infusion of 1 drachm; 19, Strurapf, general effects of infusion in a large number of cases, Br. and F. Med.-Chir. Rev., 1876, from Deutsche Archiv; 20, Lewd, Hirschel’s Zeit. f. Horn., 20, p. 97, general effects; 21, Dr. W. L. Watkins, Amer. Obs., 13, p. 348, provings 5th and 4th dec. dil., five days, no*effect, 3(1 dil. on sixth, seventh, ninth, eleventh, fifteenth days, 2d dil. on nineteenth, twenty-fourth, thirty-sixth days, 1st dil. thirty-seventh day, tincture 10 drops, forty-fourth and forty-fifth days; 22, Dr. W. Irving Thaler, of Brooklyn, MS. proving sent to the editor of this work (for day-books see Trans. N. Y. State Horn. Med. Sac., N. S., vol. iii), took 1st cent, dil., six doses of 10 to 20 drops each, first day; 1st dec. dil., five doses, 10 to 60 drops each, second day; six doses of .^th dil. third day; tincture, five doses of 5 to 10 drops each, fourth day; four doses, 15 to 40 drops each, fifth day; four doses, 30 to 80 drops each, seventh day; three doses, 75 to 100 drops each,ninth day; three doses, 15 to 25 drops each, twelfth day.

Mind p. 166

Confusion of mind

Disinclination to speak (in one case)

Head p. 166

l^evtUfO. A little vertigo (after fifteen minutes)

In rare instances, there is slight vertigo, but this was observed in only two cases

General Head. Head feels empty (after one hour and a quarter)

Uneasiness in the head (after five minutes)

Slight uneasiness in the head, which during the forenoon increased to a pain in the occiput, then extending to the forehead ; this disappeared late in the afternoon (after one hour, sixth day),'^h

Headache (after three hours and a half ),*“; (thirteenth day),^l

Some headache (after one hour and ten minutes)

Headache came on towards dinner-time (noon), but did not affect my appetite (fifteenth day),^b

Headache had disappeared in the morning, but came on again during the day, and lasted until I went to bed (sixteenth day),^h

Headache almost every day just about noon, for over two weeks after taking,^b

Headache and suffocative feeling (forty-fourth day)

Headache, dull pain, mostly on the left side, during the soreness of throat (twelfth day),^b

Headache returned about noon; dull aching pain same as before, hurried breathing, pressure on the chest, and great anxiety, with palpitation of the heart, with pain in region of heart. These symptoms lasted five days, becoming less severe each day (twenty-fourth day),^h

Forehead Front and top of head have a dull throbbing ache, at 7.30 p.m. (twelfth day)

Suddenly a headache, throbbing pains in the forehead and top of the head ; next came pains in chest and around the heart; pain in forehead became less, but increased in severity in the chest and about the heart (forty-fifth day)

Occiput. Pain in the lower part of occiput (fifteenth day),^h

Aching pain in the lower part of the occiput, which increased in severity for two hours, when it gradually passed off (after one hour, seventh day),^h

Dull pain on the left side of the head in the occiput, during the evening (eleventh day)

Dull pain in lower part of occiput, extending over left side of head to the forehead. Great weakness, palpitation of the heart; pains in chest of a stitching character. These symptoms lasted all day. The weakness lasted for three days (after two hours, thirtyseventh day),^k

Heavy dull pain in the lower part of the occiput, worse on the left side (after two hours, nineteenth day),''^k

Eyes p. 167

Objective, This morning, also yesterday morning, noticed bright-red spot upon cornea of right eye near the iris. In both eyes a vascular appearance, as from cold or overwork (fifth day),^k

After waking, found the cornea injected with blood and quite red, at 5.30 p.m. (seventh and ninth days)

Lids. Eyelids stiff and heavy, very heavy (thirteenth day)

Luchvyninl AjipavcitUS

Augmentation of the lachrymal secretion (after ten minutes)

Some lachrymation (after twenty minutes); (after fifty minutes)

Lull. Eyeballs begin to feel very sore when he rolls them, at 7.30 p.m. (twelfth day)

Eupil. Pupils slightly dilated

Contraction of pupil (nineteen cases)

Pupil contracted (after fifty minutes)

Pupils slightly contracted (after one hour); additional contraction of pupils (after two hours and a half)

Action of pupil rendered sluggish (eleven cases)

Vision. Disturbance of vision

When the perspiration and flow of saliva were at their height sight became so dim that he could scarcely see a spittoon held near his mouth (after half an hour). Sight still dim ; cannot distinguish objects brought close to his eyes (after one hour). Vision suddenly restored, quite spontaneously (after two hours)

Sight became blurred ; at the distance of four feet I could see my wife, but could not distinguish her eyes; the impaired vision continued, but it was only at a distance; near objects I could see distinctly enough (after three-quarters of an hour)

Mist before his eyes (after forty minutes); he could not see anything on the other side of the ward, a distance of about twenty-five feet, but he could see any one standing by the side of his bed distinctly; the pupils were not altered from their normal condition (after one hour and ten minutes); no derangement of vision (after one hour and forty minutes)

Clouds before the vision

Everything at a distance appeared hazy, and although he could read moderate-sized type at one foot, at two feet it was indistinct (similar disturbance of vision was noticed in several other cases)

Swimming of distant objects, so that the patient does not recognize one entering the room until he comes close to the bed

During the sweating and salivation, appearance as of numerous white spots before the eyes like flakes of snow, but without dimness of vision (after twenty-eight minutes). A sort of mist before the eyes; in spite of wiping the eyes and frequent winking, the sight remained dim and the appearance of snowflakes continued (after thirty minutes). Sight restored suddenly; no mist, but still some white points moving before the eyes (after forty minutes). Dimness of sight returns, with annoying pricking in the eyes, obliging him to wipe them hard (after fifty minutes). The state of the vision is constantly changing, becoming suddenly more or less dim every few moments (after one hour)

Nose p. 167

Nasal discharge begins (after thirty-five minutes)

Face p. 168

Slight increase of color (after half an hour, ninth day Redness and heat of face; feels throbbing of teinpoial arteries, and increased warmth in the face, but skin still dry (after fifteen minutes) Face and body very red (after twenty-eight minutes)

Flushing of the face (after ten minutes),"; (after half an hour); (after thirty-five minutes)

Flushing of the face, ears, and neck (after half an hour); flush of face had passed off (after one hour and three-quarters)

In those instances in which sweating took place the face became flushed, and was most marked when the perspiration was greatest; the flush involved the cheek and the ears, but soon passed away and was succeeded by pallor

Face covered with suffused flush (one case)

Slight paleness, as the action of the medicine began to decline

Mouth p. 168

Tongue, Tongue covered with a light fur (took China, at 10 A.M.), (thirteenth day),^l

General Mouth. Great dryness of the mouth (after twelve and twenty-four hours)

Heat in mouth (after fifteen minutes)

Saliva. Secretion of saliva began to increase (after five minutes)

Secretion of saliva above the normal (in one case) ; very profuse (in second case)

Secretion of saliva began to increase (after five minutes); the saliva for a time required almost constant ejection; the secretion of this from the glands in the cheeks caused a kind of collapsed feeling in them ; saliva distinctly alkaline, measured 16 ounces in addition to that which flowed on the pillow while I slept

Profuse secretion of saliva

Salivation sets in (after fifteen minutes)

Salivation commences (after twenty minutes), and in a few minutes after, the mouth is literally flowing with water; this continues for four or five hours, and during that period from 10 to 16 ounces of fluid may be easily collected

Commencement of salivation (after fifteen minutes) ; increased salivation (after twenty minutes); salivation has been diminishing for ten minutes (after one hour and fifty-five minutes) ; no salivation (after three hours and five minutes)

Salivation begins (after fifteen minutes); flow of saliva decidedly set in (after twenty minutes) ; salivation at its height; spits fifteen times a minute (after thirty-five minutes) ; salivation less (after one hour and a quarter); still some salivation (after one hour and fifty-five minutes)

Free salivation, with profuse sweating (after three-quarters of an hour)

Profuse salivation (after ten minutes)

Salivation profuse (after thirty-five minutes, and one hour and a half); action of salivary glands still continuing (after three hours and a half); total amount of saliva 13 fluid ounces

Salivation and perspiration continued to be profuse until my sight became blurred

There was some salivation in all the experiments, and in two cases it was profuse; but in the lad on whom two observations were made the effect on the salivary glands was very slight. The salivation was much more profuse in the lad whose skin remained dry. The salivation, when it occurred to a marked extent, began simultaneously with the sweating, was greatest when the sweating was most profuse, and lasted as long as the sweating. When the increase of the saliva was but slight, it was difficult to tell when the increase began, or how long it lasted. In the case of the lad who failed to perspire, the salivation became profuse in fifteen minutes, and so continued during three hours and a quarter, and then in a less degree for seven hours

Flow of saliva (after ten minutes)

Saliva collecting in the mouth (after half an hour) ; saliva 3 fluid ounces (after one hour); increased to 6 fluid ounces (after one hour and a half); amounts to 8 fluid ounces (after two hours) ; 10 ounces (after two hours and a half) ; saliva 12 fluid ounces (after three hours) ; thirteen fluid ounces (after three hours and a half); 14 fluid ounces (after four hours); salivation had ceased (after four hours and a half)/®.

Mouth began to fill with saliva (soon after half an hour) ; salivation quite abundant (after one hour and a half); very free (after two hours); much diminished (after two hours and a half); saliva 12 ounces/®.

Complained that his mouth was filling with water (after forty minutes) ; salivation continued (after one hour and ten minutes); no salivation (after one hour and forty minutes)/

The quantity of saliva amounted to above 250 c.c./®.

Constant spitting of very alkaline saliva (after twenty-five minutes). Salivary secretion extremely active; submaxillary gland especially enlarged ; on pressing it there is a gush of saliva under the tongue (after thirty-five minutes). On rising, felt weak ; skin still moist, with some flow of saliva. Sat with forehead resting on edge of table, and let saliva run into a vessel on the floor. Remained in this position, the saliva flowing constantly, for an hour and a half (after two hours and five minutes). Tried to sleep, but had to clear the mouth of saliva every two or three minutes (after four hours and five minutes). Flow of saliva entirely ceased (after four hours and thirty-five minutes.) Total amount of saliva, 750 cubic centimetres, stringy, but not very viscid

Urea in notable quantity found in the saliva

Tciste. Mawkish bitter taste (to the infusion)/®.

Speech. Speech so affected that articulation was both difficult and indistinct

Throat p. 169

Dryness, of back of throat (after fifty minutes)

During the forenoon my throat felt dry and inflamed; everything swallowed caused a scraping sensation; in the afternoon the inflammation increased; the tonsils were slightly swollen and the jaws a little stiff; this soreness lasted for two days (seventh day)

Quite a sore throat, smarting pain ; headache, dull pain, mostly on the left side; breathing hurried; the sore throat and headache lasted all day and evening till I went to bed (twelfth day); the next morning the headache had gone, but my throat felt so sore that for a time I seriously feared an attack of diphtheria; it gradually wore off, however, during the day, and the next day I was quite well

External Throat. Moderate swelling of the submaxillary glands (after twelve and twenty-four hours)

Pain in the submaxillary glands (second day)

Stomach.^Appetite. When I took the drug I felt quite hungry, but soon after taking it the hunger left me, and on sitting down t6 breakfast I could not eat; about two hours afterwards became very hungry (fifteenth day)

Thirst. Urgent thirst (after three hours and thirtyfive minutes)

Eructations and Hiccough. Eructations and vomiting

Hiccough

Nausea and Vomiting. Felt squeamish, although I was able to attend to business (second day)

Sickness (in both cases)

Sickness of the stomach (after three hours and a half)

Was sick and vomited a quantity of saliva which I had swallowed (after one hour and a half) ; putting my finger into my mouth vomiting was further excited, until a portion of the Jaborandi returned

They were a little sick, faint, and prostrate

Vomited half an hour after eating supper

In some cases vomiting is produced, either at the beginning or end of the effect

The lad who failed to perspire vomited ; the vomiting came on suddenly and was not repeated

Stomach. Distress at the stomach (which may be owing to the alcohol in the tincture, more than to the Jaborandi); it is a burning pain, not that dyspeptic ache experienced yesterday (fifth day)

Considerable distress, both in the storaacb and lower half of oesophagus, especially the latter feels constricted, aching heavily (took Pals. 1st, at 3 p.m., which completely controlled the dyspeptic distress), (thirteenth day),^l

Dull, heavy distress in the pyloric portion of the stomach, as though some hard indigestible substance was lying there, relieved by eating a full meal, at dinner-time (fourth day)

Constrictive feeling in the stomach, as though the rum were puckered up (probably owing to the alcohol of the tincture, as it was taken clear), (seventh day),^k

Abdomen p. 170

Empty, gone feeling in the bowels (twelfth day),‘^l

Stool p. 170

Diarrhoea. Stool at 6.30 a.m., very loose, came with a gush ; stool at 7.30 A.M., stool at 8 a.m., all thin, watery, yellow, and came with a gush ; at 9.30 A.M., another stool; at 10.30 a.m., another; at 11.30 A.M., another; at 1 p.m., the eighth stool; has felt a goneness, an emptiness, from the diarrhoea, but no pain whatever ; at 3.25 p.m., another stool, which came with a gush, yellow, watery, undigested, no pains; at 5.25, stool like the last; at 6 p.m., stool; felt a little weak at night, having had eleven copious, watery, undigested stools since 7 A.M. (twelfth day)

Continues to have from five to ten stools a day, of a yellow color, and watery, painless. (Took two small doses of Gummi gutt, 3d trit., which cured the diarrhoea), (sixteenth day)

Five painless stools during the day, yellow, thin, watery, better digested (fourteenth day)

Three stools during the day (his usual number) ; the last one, at 8.30 p.m., somewhat harder, constipated (second day),^l

Two stools during the day (eighth day),^l

Two movements during the day, more papescent (seventh day)

Two stools only during the day, the first at 7 a.m., more papescent than three days before; the second at 9 a.m., thin and yellow (tenth day),^l

Stool at 7 A.M., papescent and very large (ninth day)

Stool thin, better digested, with more control over sphincter ani, at 9 p.m. (twelfth day)

Stool yellow, better digested, but came with a gush, at 2 p.m. (thirteenth day),^l

Bowels moved at 7.30 a.m., with this difference, the discharges were less papescent than heretofore ; the first portion of the evacuation was f of an inch in diameter and about 5 inches in length ; the latter portion was papescent, color dark-brown (fourth day)

Constipation. Constipated ; two motions in the day instead of three, as usual (fifth day),^l

Stool at 7 A.M., and again at 7 p.m., both exceedingly difficult to evacuate, consisting of long, large, and very dark faeces (eleventh day),^l

Urinary Organs p. 170

Burning in the urethra in two cases, with urging to urinate

Secretion of urine increased (750 c.c. during the perspiration)

When administered in fractional doses, Jaborandi does not produce either perspiration or salivation, but becomes a powerful diuretic

The quantity of urine diminishes in a very noticeable manner on the day the remedy is administered, but on the next day there is sometimes a slight augmentation, sometimes the usual amount

Urine dark-colored

The urea diminishes on the day the Jaborandi is given, increases slightly again on the next day, and then falls to the normal amount

Chlorine and the chlorides, as well as the uric acid, also undergo the same quantitative changes, and diminish on the first day only to increase on the second

Augmentation of the bronchial secretions (after ten minutes)

We noticed an increase of the bronchial secretion, indicated by a loose cough, only in the lad previously quite free from catarrhal symptoms, on whom two observations were made, and in whom but a slight increase of salivary secretion occurred; the bronchial secretion was much more abundant in the first than in the second observation ; indeed, in the second there was very little cough

Hurried breathing (after two hours. nineteenth day)/

Breathing hurried, during the soreness of throat (twelfth day),^h

Chest p. 171

Pains in chest and around the heart (forty-fifth day)

Could not get to sleep for two hours after going to bed, on account of anxious and oppressed feeling in the chest (eleventh day),^h

Pressure on chest, and great anxiety, with palpitation of heart, and pain in region of heart (twenty-fourth day),^h

Sense of heavy pressure on the chest, hurried beating, and great prostration; symptoms became so bad that I was obliged to go to bed; for half an hour after going to bed could only breathe with great difficulty (forty-fifth day)

Pains in chest, of a stitching character (after two hours, thirty-seventh day),'^h

Heart and Pulse p. 171

Prwcordiuni. Pain in region of heart (twenty-fourth day),^h

The pains about the heart were very severe, accompanied with severe palpitation ; this condition lasted two hours in its severest form, then gradually abated (forty-fifth day),^h

Hears Auction. Palpitation of heart (after two hours, nineteenth day)

Palse, Tracing No. 1 represents the normal pulse of the subject; its general aspect is rectilinear, excepting a very slight curve corresponding to a respiratory movement; the ascending line is short and somewhat oblique; the descending line nearly horizontal; the natural dicrotism is ■well marked. At the commencement of sweat the pulse becomes more rapid, and the tracing assumes a different appearance; its general outline becomes a little crooked; the rising line is larger and more upright; the descending line, therefore, more oblique, with more of the dicrotic character. At the height of the sweating period, the general outline becomes strikingly irregular; moreover, the beats are no longer isochronous, some being shorter than others. When the morbid activity of the secretory organs has passed off, the general outline becomes regular again, but the ascending line is shorter and more oblique, the descending line longer and nearly horizontal, with hardly a trace of exaggerated dicrotism

-Sphygmographic tracings, taken at different stages of the administration of this drug, showed almost complete asystolia, with a very noticeable diminution of vascular tension during the sweating stage

Pulsation was quickened while the action of the medicine lasted (in both cases)

In each experiment the pulse became considerably quicker, the increase varying from forty to fifty minutes ; the pulse reached its quickest in twenty-five to eighty minutes after administration; the quickened pulse continued more than four hours; no close relation existed between the rapidity of the pulse and the fall of temperature; in one lad whose pulse was intermittent, the medicine entirely removed this irregularity,*h

At the moment the sweat was produced, there was an increase of the pulse and of temperature; then during the period of active sweating, it was sometimes noted that these two elements remained at the same point as at the outset of the experiment ; sometimes there was a slight diminution ; but after sweating, a veiy notable lowering of the pulse and of the temperature were observed, which sometimes lasted two days after the experiment (in thirty-two experiments)

Pulse rose from 88 to 120

Pulse rose from 12 to 20 beats during the first few hours (the reverse of temperature), and returned to its normal rate with the return of the normal temperature, but became soft and compressible

Pulse 108 (normal 80), (half an hour after 80 drops), (seventh day)

Pulse 100 (temperature normal), at 6 p.m. (twelfth day)

Pulse 94 (an increase of 14 from 150 drops of the tincture taken within an hour), (ninth day)

Pulse 96 (when first noted), 104 (afterwards); 88 on awaking (second morning), normally 80

Pulse 90 (before taking); 104 (after forty minutes); 96 (after one hour and ten minutes) ; 90 (after one hour and forty minutes) ; 96 (after two hours and a half)

Pulse 80 (before taking); 96 (after thirty-five minutes) ; 108 (after one hour and a half) ; 112 (after three hours and a half) ; 90 (five hours and a half); 88 at 10 A.M. (second day)

Pulse 78 (before taking); 84 (after fifteen minutes) ; 86 (after twenty-two minutes); 87 (after forty minutes); 87 (after one hour and a quarter) ; 76 (after five hours and a half) ; 70 (second day),®.-

Pulse 75 (before taking) ; 90 (after half an hour) ; 108 (after one hour and a half); 100 (after two hours); 88 (after two hours and a half) ; 80 (after three hours and a half ) ; 78 at 10 A.M. (second day)

■ Pulse 77 (before taking) ; 90 (after one hour) ; 93 (after one hour and a half); 94 (after two hours); 92 (after two hours and a half) ; 90 (after three hours) ; 82 (after three hours and a half) ; 80 (after four hours and four hours and a half)

Pulse 80 (before taking); 100 (after fifteen minutes) ; 96 (after twenty minutes) ; 100 (after thirty-five minutes); 104 (after fifty minutes) ; 100 (after one hour); 96 (after one hour and ten minutes) ; 88 (after one hour and thirty-five minutes) ; 90 (after one hour and fifty-five minutes); 76 (after two hours and five minutes) ; 78 (after three hours and five minutes)

Pulse 78 (before taking) ; 100 (after fifteen minutes) ; 96 (after twenty minutes) ; 100 (after thirty-five minutes) ; 104 (after fifty minutes) ; 100 (after one hour); 96 (after one hour and ten minutes) ; 96 (after one hour and a quarter) ; 90 (after one hour and fifty-five minutes); 76 (after two hours and five minutes); 78 (second day)

Pulse.

Before

Beginning

Maximum

Decline

After

First day

Second day

taking.

of sweat.

of sweat.

of sweat.

sweat.

after.

after.

Generalities p. 172

Very soon the face becomes red ; the temporal arteries throb more strongly; then there is a peculiar feeling of heat in the mouth and on the face, and the flovf of saliva begins. In a little while the forehead becomes moist, and the face more red ; then beads of perspiration appear on the forehead, cheeks, and temples. The flow of saliva increases, all the salivary glands successively contributing to this effect; the mouth is filled with immense quantities of fluid, and expectoration is incessant; at the same time perspiration covers the face and neck ; then the whole body becomes red and moist, and a pleasant warmth is experienced ; in a few minutes perspiration breaks out over the whole surface, and soon runs down on all sides. Meantime other symptoms have supervened. The eyelids first become moist, then the lachrymal secretion gradually augments, and after collecting in the canthi, rolls slowly over the cheeks; at the same time there is a copious discharge from the Schneiderian membrane, increased by the tears which escape through the nasal canal ; moreover, there is heightened activity of the mucous glands of the backthroat, trachea, and bronchi. All these effects reach their maximum of intensity in about three-quarters of an hour after taking the drug, continuing thus for thirty or forty minutes. Lying on one side, that the saliva may run more freely, the patient spits ten or fifteen times a minute ; the flow is so rapid that he can scarcely speak ; the salivary glands are enlarged, and the mouth becomes hotter. From time to time the mucous accumulations in the bronchi are cleared away by a slight cough ; the sight is dimmed by the flow of tears. The body is bathed in perspiration ; a shirt is wet through in a few moments. Now, a feeling of comfort, or of weakness, as the case may be, is experienced. Thirst is intense. The pupils are slightly contracted. By degrees the excessive activity of the secretory processes is diminished ; in an hour and a quarter, or an hour and three-quarters, the lachrymation, the nasal discharge, the bronchial expectoration, and finally, the flow of saliva, and the perspiration, are sensibly lessened, and the parts involved gradually return to their normal condition. When the perspiration and flow of saliva have ceased, the subject is prostrated and drowsy. The parts which secreted so copiously are now very dry, especially the mouth and back-throat. There is also much thirst,k

A few minutes after it was taken there was a subjective feeling of warmth, and the face presented a more or less red appearance, and the skin felt warmer than usual. Soon afterwards the salivary glands began to pour out their secretion more copiously into the mouth, and then a feeling of nausea supervened, which, however, usually disappeared in a few minutes, although in fever patients vomiting sometimes occurred. A few minutes after the commencement of the secretion of saliva the skin became moist, at first on the chest, and then successively on the other parts of the body, the upper extremities pouring out enormous quantities of perspiration, but the lower ones being less affected. About an hour after the drug was given there was generally a disturbance of vision, distant objects being misty and indistinct, and only near ones being distinctly visible. About an hour and a half afterwards the patients complained, for the most part suddenly, of great nausea and retching, often with hiccough, and these symptoms sometimes terminated with vomiting. Three or four hours after the medicine was taken the secretion of sweat diminished and gradually disappeared, that of the tears and that from the nose had already ceased, and only the secretion of saliva continued, and usually only for a few minutes. The disturbance of vision and nausea also soon ceased, but the appetite was impaired, and the patients complained of headache. At the same time a desire for sleep often supervened, and the patients sunk into a deep slumber, lasting for several hours, and when they woke all the symptoms generally disappeared, with a few exceptions. The most striking and constant symptom in the action of Jaborandi is the hypersecretion of certain glands of the skin, and of particular mucous membranes, and the sweat-glands are chiefly called into heightened activity. The loss of fluid by the skin and lungs is estimated at about five times the natural amount. The salivary secretion is also notably increased, and likewise the tears are augmented, and the secretion from the nose. The effect on the secretion of the urine is not constant, but it is clear that the amount of this fluid will be diminished under the enormous loss of water by the skin and the saliva

Increased circulation (after five minutes)

Appeared much depressed (in one case)

Weariness (after two hours, nineteenth day)

Tried to walk about the room, but felt very weak, his legs giving way under him (after three hours and thirty-five minutes)

Prostration of strength ; even a short walk causing weariness, hurried breathing, and palpitation of the heart; these symptoms lasted for four days (after two hours, nineteenth day)

Profound collapse (in one case)

Attacks of faintness

Restless and anxious, during the evening (eleventh day)

Became restless (after five minutes)

Exhausted feeling (sixteenth day)

Sleep and Dreams p. 174

Sleepiness. In three cases the medicine produced considerable drowsiness, the lad falling asleep during the observations

Sat down to read the evening papers, and went to sleep in spite of myself; slept half an hour, at 5 r.M. (seventh day)/

Feels quite willing to retire, and does so, at 7.30 p.m. (twelfth day)

Is in the habit of retiring to bed at about 9 p.m., and laying with book in hand and reading for an hour or more; was so sleepy he could not read; always sleeps well, but for the past two nights has slept very profoundly (fourth day)

Sleep at night very profound (second day),^'(

Slept one hour in the daytime, very profoundly; since proving, his slumber is very heavy (thirteenth day)

Slept soundly last night (always sleeps well) ; is generally disposed to talk in his sleep; talked more last night (sixth day),^l

Sleeplessness. Did not sleep well that night, from restlessness, and on account of sensation of firm pressure on the chest, Avith hurried breathing (fifteenth day),^b

Fell asleep at 9.30 p.m., and spent one of the most wretched nights he ever remembers ; a good smart fever, increased pain in the head, none in the abdomen, general malaise, no thirst; very restless, talking, moving, with some delirium (twelfth day)

Dreams. Towards morning, sleep disturbed by very distressing dreams [^Bell. 1st relieved the fever and restlessness), (thirteenth day),^l

Dreamed of accidents and fights, which woke me up twice during the night (eleventh night)

Fever p. 174

Chilliness. In patients not suttering from fever the drug caused in only a very few cases some lowering of the temperature of the body, but in the fever cases, ten in number, the temperature fell in seven

In each observation a decided fall in temperature occurred. In two cases accompanied by sweating the fall amounted to 1° Tahr., and in another, likewise accompanied by sweating, it reached 2.6° ; but as this observation was begun in the afternoon and continued until the evening, it is impossible to tell the proportion of the fall assignable to the medicine and to the natural diurnal fall, which in children of ten to twelve, usually begins between 4 and 5 oclock. The reduction of the temperature persisted for the rest of the day, but in the two morning observations the lowest temperature was reached in about one hour and a half after the administration of the medicine. In one case the fall began immediately; in another case in forty minutes; in another instance in eighty minutes. In the lad whose skin remained unperspiring, there was a fall of 0.6°, which, beginning forty-five minutes after the administration of the medicine, lasted only two hours and a half

The temperature was not taken, but the depression was never very great; but I began to shiver (after three-quarters of an hour)

In taking his temperature 98.5°, he was obliged to uncover himself, and immediately felt cold, with horripilation and griping in the bowels, as after a purge, but there was no movement. This last symptom ceased in a quarter of an hour ; the chills still sooner, since he again began to perspire most profusely, immediately on covering up (after twenty-five minutes)

The temperature usually sank from .3° to .6° Cent, during the first three hours, and then rapidly regained the normal rate

Temperature fell quite one degree, although at first it Avas raised a little (in both cases)

Began to feel cold, chilly, up and down the back, at 7 p.m. (twelfth day)

Meat. At the moment the SAveat Avas produced, there AVas an increase of the temperature and of the pulse; then during the period of active sweating, it Avas sometimes noted that these two elements remained at the same point as at the outset of the experiment; sometimes there Avas a slight diminution ; but after sweating, a very notable lowering of the temperature and of the pulse was observed, which sometimes lasted two days after the experiment (in thirty-two experiments)

Temperature 37.2° (before taking); 37.4° (after fifteen minutes) ; 37.5° (after twenty minutes) ; 37.6° (after twentyeighth minutes) ; 37.5° (after thirty-five minutes) ; 37.4° (after fifty minutes) ; 37.4° (after one hour) ; 37.2*^ (after one hour and ten minutes) ; 37.1° (after one hour and a quarter); 36.3° (after one hour and fifty-five minutes) ; 36.3° (after two hours and five minutes); 37.2° (second day)

Temperature in mouth 98.6° (before taking) ; 99.5° (after thirty-five minutes) ; 100° (after five hours and a half), and at 10 a.m. (second day)

Temperature (after one hour and a half), 99.7° ; (after three hours and a half), 99° in the axilla, 98.25° Tahr. (before taking) ; 97.9° (after forty minutes); 97.9° (after one hour and ten minutes) ; 96.6° (after one hour and forty minutes) ; 96.8° (after two hours and a half).

Temperature in the axilla 99.2° (before taking) ; 99.4° (after half an hour) ; 99.5° (after one hour and a half); 99.8° (after two hours) ; 99.4° (after two hours and a half); 99° (after three hours and a half); 99° at 10 a.m. (second day)

Temperature from 99.7° to 103.1°

Thermometer (half an hour after 80 drops)

Temperature (Centigrade). No.

Prepare-

tiou used.

Dose.

Before

taking.

When

beginning

to sweat.

At height

of sweat.

At decline

of sweat.

After

sweat.

First day

after sweat.

Second

day after

sweat.

Leaves.

Extract

Leaves.

•5 gr. (seventh day),^l

Felt a glow (after five minutes)

Sense of heat in face and over body (after fifteen minutes)

The glow (fever) which commenced in the face has now extended all over the body, at 9 p.m. (twelfth day)

Felt a gentle glow upon the face, as from exposure to sun and wind (after half an hour, ninth day)

Siveat, Sweat breaks out on the face and upper part of the chest, which have been quite red for five or six minutes, (after fifteen minutes); maximum of sweat (after forty minutes); sweat begins to decline (after one hour and a quarter); no sweat (after two hours and twenty-five minutes)

Simultaneously with the flow of saliva, the perspiration appears on the forehead and over the whole body; it extends even to the limbs, but is most marked on the trunk; this can be produced in a room with temperature ranging from 54° to 56° Tahr., and without putting the patient to bed; the sweating continues for several hours

Moisture on the forehead (after half an hour); perspiration over entire body (after one hour); still free (after one hour and a half) ; perspiration chiefly on face, legs, and feet (after two hours) ; perspiration continues (after two hours and a half) ; diminished amount of perspiration (after three hours) ; less (after three hours and a half); skin merely moist (after four hours, and four hours and a half)

Perspiration became visible on the face of one of the boys (after ten minutes), and the whole body soon became enveloped in it; this continued more than an hour while I waited (in one case)

Perspiring freely (after a quarter of an hour)

Drops of perspiration appeared on the forehead (soon after half an hour) ; free but not profuse perspiration over the whole body (after one hour and a half); less perspiration (after two hours); skin merely moist (after two hours and a half)

Copious perspiration (half an hour after 80 drops), (seventh day)

Commencement of sweat (after fifteen minutes); forehead covered with sweat; body still dry (after twenty minutes) ; commencement of general sAveat (after twenty-live minutes) ; sweat copious (after thirty-five minutes); at its maximum (after forty minutes); begins to decline (after one hour) ; much diminished (after one hour and thirty-five minutes); no sweat (after two hours and five minutes)

Skin of forehead a little moist (after fifteen minutes); perspiration begins to show in drops on forehead, rest of body moist (after twenty minutes); general sweat commences (after twenty-eight minutes); copious sweat all over (after thirty-five minutes) ; sweat at its height (after fifty minutes); appears to be diminishing (after one hour); going off (after one hour and ten minutes); sweat almost over (after one hour and fifty-five minutes) ; no sweat (after two hours and five minutes)

Profuse perspiration (after ten minutes)

Profuse perspiration (after from five to forty-five minutes), in one case (after six hours and a half )

Perspiration profuse (after thirty-five minutes, and one hour and a half); action on skin still continues (after three hours and a half) ; skin natural (after five hours and a half),^l

Skin dry (just before taking); moist over the whole body ; the face and forehead perspiring profusely (after forty minutes) ; skin perspiring profusely (after one hour and ten minutes) ; less moist (after one hour and forty minutes); natural (after two hours and a half)

Profuse sweating, accompanied by free salivation (after three-quarters of an hour),h

In three instances the drug produced perspiration; one lad’s skin remained quite dry throughout the experiment. In two of the lads perspiration set in in from ten to fifteen minutes; in the third case it was delayed for thirty-five minutes, becoming profuse in from twenty to thirty-five minutes, and continuing thus from thirty minutes to one hour and a half, and then remaining slight from two to four hours and a half

Sweats quite profusely; the skin of the finger-ends is shrivelled like a washerwoman’s (after thirtyfive minutes) ; bedclothes drenched (after forty-five minutes) ; sweat begins to abate (after fifty minutes)

Excessive perspiration from all parts of the body; a Turkish bath was nothing to it; night-shirt soaked with perspiration ; when the action was at its height, on uncovering my arm the perspiration passed off in steam from my hand and night-shirt sleeve

Perspiration runs down all over the body; it is of neutral reaction (after twentyfive minutes)

Before taking, I perspired very easily, but did not sweat at all while proving,^h

Perspiration starts on the face (after twentytwo minutes)

Urea in notable quantity found in the perspiration

Conditions p. 176

Aggravation.

(A6ott< noon), Almost every day, headache.

Amelioration p. 176

(Eating), Distress in stomach.