Podophyllum

Podophyllum peltatum, L.

Natural order, Berberideae.

Common names, May apple; Mandrake (American).

Preparation, Tincture of the whole plant.

Authorities. 1, Dr. Snow, Inaug. Thesis, 1819 (from Williamson, Am. Inst, of Horn. Trans., vol. i), effect of 2-grain pills of the extract of the leaves ; 2, Merrell, Am. Mag., 1851, vol. i, p. 63, effects observed while preparing the drug ; 3, Dr. W. Williamson, Trans. Am. Inst, of Horn., 1, p. 209, provings with 1st, 3d, and 15th dilutions; 4, Jeans, ibid.; 5, Ward, ibid.; 6, Husemann, ibid.; 7, Owen, Chicago Med. Examiner (from Hale’s New Remedies, 1860), effects of eating the ripe fruit, on two girls, aged six and eight; 8, Ransom, Pharm. Journ., 1862, p. 462, effects on five persons employed in preparing and packing the drug (the powder came in contact with the skin of the nose and lids) ; 9 and 10, Bentley, Pharm. Journ., 1862, p. 462, effects of tincture applied to the skin , 11, Dr. Pietro, Giornale Veueto di Sc. Med., 1869 (Br. and For. Med.-Chir. Rev.), effects in Dr. P., of 5 centigrams ; 11 a, same, afterward took 10 centigrams ; 12, Walter G. Smith, Pharm. Journ., 1869, p. 454, experiments to compare Dublin with American plants, took \ grain of resin after breakfast (first day), same before breakfast (third day), 2 grain (fourth day); 12a, same, took 1 grain ; 12 b, same, took ? grain at bedtime, two days ; 13, same, a young man took 1 grain before going to bed ; 14, Hale, from an eclectic physician, effects of a large dose; 15, Mann, Med. Invest., 9, 15, “an involuntary proving;” 16, Berridge, Month. Horn. Rev., 15, 298, effects of three doses, of \ grain each ; 17, Hone, Trans. Am. Inst, of Horn., 1872, p. 207, effects of a few drops of tincture, taken by a man before going to bed; 18, Hutchinson, Med. Times and Gaz. (Br. J. of Horn., 31, 189), effects of dust while grinding it; 19, same, in a man, aged thirty-nine ; 20, H. Knapp, Trans. Pacific Horn. Med. Sac., 1, p. 55, effects of 2 grains, in a girl, aged twenty; took next day a number of drugs to antidote the effects.

Head

Vertigo, with inclination to fall forwards

Vertigo, while standing in the open air

Giddiness and dizziness, with the sensation of fulness over the eyes

Dulness and headache, with sleepiness, in the morning

* Headache, alternating with diarrhoea

Headache and fever (third and fourth days)

Heavy dull pain in the forehead, with soreness over the seat of pain

Pain in the left frontal protuberance, aggravated in the afternoon

Momentary darts of pain in the forehead/obliging one to shut the eyes, attended with giddiness

Sudden pain in the forehead, with soreness of the throat, in the evening

After stool, at 10 a.m., frontal headache, with feverishness (first day)

Sensation of great (|dryness of the forehead and eyes, which was relieved for a short time by bathing the parts with cold water ; after stool, at 10 A.M. (first day)

Pressing pain in the temples, in the forenoon, with drawing in the eyes, as if strabismus would follow

Stunning headache through the temples, relieved by pressure

Morning, headache, with heat in the vertex

Pain on the top of the head, when rising in the morning

Eyes p. 131

The inflammation of the eyes is attended with a most excruciating heavy pain, and great turgescence of the vessels of the conjunctiva

Inflamed eyes

Extensive superficial ulceration of each cornea, attended by genera] conjunctival congestion; the ulceration was central and large in extent; in the right eye its base was densely white, and looked exactly as if lead had been used (after ten days). No symptoms of irritation appeared while he was at work or during that evening, but on waking next morning, his eyes were inflamed

Left eye sore and uncomfortable, especially at the inner canthus; conjunctiva of the left eyeball slightly red, especially at the inner canthus

Eyes glazed and motionless (next morning), (in the elder)

Eyes sunken in their orbits

Heaviness of the eyes, with occasional pains on the top of the head

Drawing sensation in the eyes, accompanying pain in the head

Smarting of the eyes

Inflammation of the eyelids

Pain in the eyeballs, and in the temples, with heat, and throbbing of the temporal arteries

Nose p. 131

Soreness and little pustules in the nose

Noses pinched

Faces pale as corpses

The under jaw fallen (next morning), (in the elder)

Mouth p. 131

The teeth are covered with dried mucus, in the morning

* Tongue white (fourth day)

White fur on the tongue, except the centre (fifth day)

* Tongue coated white, with much viscid mucus in the mouth (first morning)

Sourness of the mouth

Dryness of the mouth and tongue, on waking in the morning

Copious salivation

Everything tasted sweet (fifth day)

The taste of fried liver in the mouth, at night

Had a bad taste in the mouth for several days after the most prominent symptoms had disappeared

Throat p. 131

Soreness in the left side of the throat, especially painful when swallowing liquids, and worse in the morning

* Soreness of the throat, extending to the ears

The elder complained frequently of burning sensation in the throat

* Dryness of the throat

Stomach p. 131

Appetite and Thirst. Appetite much impaired, with unusual thirst for cold water (first morning)

* Indifference to food3.

* Loss of appetite.3; (second day)

* Desire for something sour

* Great thirst,''; (fourth and fifth days)

Increased thirst after eating (first day)

Thirst, towards evening

Nausea and Vomiting. *Nausea (second day),13; (after five hours)

* Extreme nausea, continue- -k«|^^^^Eral hours

Nausea and a little irritation of the stomach, but the symptoms disappeared when he went to bed

* Nausea, and attempts to vomit, which lasted two hours (immediately)

Blight nausea accompanied the diminution of pulse (three hours after three pills)

Acidity in the afternoon, with an unpleasant sickly sensation in the stomach

After rising in the morning, had a sick feeling in the stomach, with occasional nausea (first morning)

Vomiting had been going on for the last four hours almost without intermission ; the vomited matters consisted, for the most part, of seeds, pulp, and membranous covering of the ripe May apple, having the peculiar odor of that fruit; afterwards the elder *vomited bilious matter mixed with blood, the bile dark-green and very thick, the blood dark and coagulated; she continued to vomit thick bile, with more or less blood mixed with it, about every hour through the night

* Vomited the contents of the stomach, and then considerable bile (after nine hours); felt better ; vomited again (after twelve hours)

* Vomiting of hot frothy mucus

Stomach. Epigastrium and entire abdomen tympanitic and very tender (in the elder girl)

The stomach contracted so hard and rapidly, in efforts to vomit, that the wrenching pain would cause them to utter sharp screams, one after another, for five minutes at a time

Tenderness over the stomach (second day), (in the younger)

Great tenderness over the stomach and bowels, scarcely bearing the pressure of the bedclothes (fourth day)

Tender over stomach and bowels, increased by the least motion ; could scarcely bear to be touched (fifth day)

* Sensation of hollowness in the epigastrium

* Had an empty feeling in the stomach, before supper, but did not feel hungry (first day)

* Had a feeling of weakness in the epigastric region, at 2 A.M., which continued until the next morning (second night)

Awakened by violent pains in the stomach and bowels; the pains were of a griping, stitching character, and were relieved for a short time by pressure on the bowels, at 3 a.m. (first night)

Soon after eating some toast, pain commenced in the stomach, extending into the bowels; increasing with such severity that she could not resist screaming at every breath (fifth day)

In the night felt pain in the stomach, which continued to increase in severity, and was attended with much thirst and burning sensation, and great sense of prostration (first night)

After breakfast, had a violent burning in the stomach, as if caused by hot steam ; same sensation after dinner (first day)

Cold water does not agree, it causes much oppression and uneasiness in the stomach ; small quantities of it were ejected, which tasted very bitter, and caused much burning in the oesophagus (first day)

Heat in the stomach

Throbbing in the epigastrium, followed by diarrhoea

Abdomen p. 132

Fulness in the right hypochondrium, with flatulence

Twisting pain in the right hypochondrium, with the sensation of heat in the part

Sensation of flatus in the left hypochondrium

Sensation of weight and dragging in the left hypochondrium, close under the ribs

Stitches in the right hypochondrium, worse while eating

Abdomen swelled almost to bursting (next morning), (in the elder)

A good deal of flatulence was caused, in the evening (first day)

* Flatulence (second morning),I2b; (second day)

Rumbling of flatus in the ascending colon

Violent colic, followed by liquid stools, which were repeated until 9 oclock (second day),lla.

Griping pains (second day)

Some griping pains with the stools (second day),12a.

Some wandering pains in the abdomen, at 5 p.M.,1?a.

Pain in the bowels, at daylight in the morning, which is relieved by external warmth, and by bending forward whilst lying on the side, but is aggravated by lying ou the back

* Pain in the transverse colon, at 3 a.m., followed by diarrhoea3.

* Severe pain in the bowels (after five hours)

Pain in the bowels occasionally, but not so severe (fourth day)

Pain in the ascending colon

* Sensation of heat in the bowels, accompanying the inclination to go to stool

After supper, sensation as it there would be an evacuation of the bowels. This sensation came and went at short intervals, until going to bed, when it ceased (first day)

Awoke at 2 a.m., with slight stitching pains in bowels, with desire to go to stool ; did not sleep well the remaining part of the night, on account of occasional stitching pains in the bowels; the pains were mitigated by flexing the thighs on the abdomen (second night)

The symptoms generally, but especially the abdominal symptoms, are aggravated in the morning and better in the evening

Tenderness and some bloating of lower bowels (fifth day) ; still very tender over lower bowels (sixth day)

Pain had extended into the lower bowels and right ovary, in the afternoon (fifth day)

Rectum and Anus p. 133

* Aggravation of internal piles; the rectum would protrude more than an inch after every motion of the bowels or after any sudden motion, such as sneezing, and even during any mental excitement; the parts could not always be replaced very readily; would sometimes remain prolapsed for days, owing to the swelling a,nd congestion,u.

Too much bearing down at stool, as if from inactivity of the rectum

Secretion of mucus from the anus

Stool p. 133

* Diarrhoea, immediately after eating and drinking

* Diarrhoea early in the morning, which continues through the forenoon, followed by a natural stool, in the evening

From six to eight evacuations in a day

Increased action of the bowels (after nine and five hours); purgation (eighth and fifth hours after second dose),l2b.

Free motion, in the morning; the bowels open again twice loosely (second day); the cathartic action was still manifested (third and fourth days); in all six motions were obtained

Evacuations in the morning, attended with strong urgings in the bowels, with heat and pain in the anus

* An evacuation of liquid matter, colored yellow, and every hour for five hours the evacuation ivas repeated

* Liquid stools, with colic (second day),lla.

* Two green, watery stools (seventh day); five thin, watery, green discharges during the day, with considerable pain and griping (eighth day)

Evacuations of green stools, in the morning

Stools muco-gelatinous, small and infrequent, with flatulence, and pain in the region of the sacrum.3.

* About 4 a.m. had an evacuation, which consisted of yellow, undigested faeces, mixed with mucus, and was of an offensive odor; about 10 a.m., had another evacuation, which was accompanied with violent tenesmus, lasting some time after the evacuation; the stool was of a burning, acrid character, excoriated the anus, and caused much bearing down during and after the stool (first day) ; about 2.30 a.m., had an evacuation from the bowels (second night)

Small solid evacuation at 9 p.m. ; a copious loose stool at 12 p.m. ; the next morning two more thin dejections resulted, attended with some griping pains, and an uncomfortable feeling of chilliness,12a.

Bowels moved twice, but not copiously, attended with very much pain and deadly nausea (after twelve hours)

No movement of the bowels since the second day, but felt like it several times (fourth day)

* Diarrhoea and constipation, alternating every day or two, for several days after the most prominent symptoms had. disappeared,u.

Urinary Organs p. 133

Micturition painful (sixth day)

Scanty urine, with frequent voidings

Urine very red (fourth day)

Sexual Organs p. 133

Sticking pain above the pubes, and in the course of the spermatic cords

Inflammation either of the scrotum or the eyes, seldom both

The inflammation of the scrotum is attended with a pustular eruption, which suppurates very freely

* Symptoms of prolapsus uteri, with pain in the sacrum, flatulence infrequent, muco-gelatinous stools (three cases)/.

* Sensation at stool as if the genital organs would fall out, in females

After pains, with strong bearing down

¥Pain in right ovary and uterus (sixth day)

Respiratory Organs p. 134

Sensation of suffocation, when first lying down at night

Shortness of breath

Inclination to breathe deeply ; sighing

Chest p. 134

Snapping in the right lung, like breaking a thread, when taking a deep inspiration

Pains in the chest, increased by taking a deep inspiration

Feeling of oppression in chest, with constant inclination to take a deep inspiration, but was prevented from so doing on account of a feeling of constriction in the chest (first morning)

Sensation in the chest, as if the heart were ascending to the throat

Heart and Pulse p. 134

Sticking pain in the region of the heart

Palpitation of the heart, from physical exertion, in persons subject to rumbling in the ascending colon ; heavy sleep, and a feeling of fatigue on awaking in morning, followed by drowsiness in the forenoon (numerous cases)

Palpitation of the heart, from exertion or mental emotion

Pulse. Pulse 100 (fourth day); 110 in the morning, 116 in the afternoon (fifth day)

Pulse quicker and smaller than usual, with slight palpitation of the heart (first morning)

Pulse 76, full and strong (before the experiment); 64 (one hour after three pills); the same, small and feeble, accompanied with slight nausea (after three hours)

Pulse 74, full and strong (before the experiment) ; 61 (one hour after two pills) ; still the same, weak and small (after three hours)

Normal pulse 76 ; diminished to 65, and continued so for about two hours (one hour after one pill)

Pulse very weak, and scarcely perceptible at the wrist

Neck and Back p. 134

Pain in the nape with soreness, increased by motion

Stiffness of the nape, with soreness of the muscles of the neck and shoulders

Pain between the shoulders, in the morning

Pain between the shoulders, with soreness, worse night and morning, and increased by motion

* Pain under the right shoulder-blade

Pain in the small of the back, when walking or standing, with the sensation of the back bending inward

Pain in the lumbar region, with the sensation of coldness, worse at night, and from motion

Pain in the loins, increased by a misstep, and walking over uneven ground

Upper Extremities p. 134

Aching of the limbs, worse at night

Weakness of the joints, especially the knees

Weakness of the wrists, with soreness to the touch

Pain and weakness in the left hip, like rheumatism from cold, increased by going upstairs

Pains in the thighs, legs, and knees, worse from standing

Spasmodic sensation in right thigh and leg (fifth day)

Heaviness and stiffness of the knees, as after a long walk

Cracking in the knee-joints from motion

Pain in the left knee, leg, and foot

More pain and cramps in right leg, in the afternoon (fifth day)

Sharp pain in the outer and upper portion of the left foot

Generalities p. 134

* Faintness, with the sensation of emptiness in the abdomen after stool

* Sensation of great prostration attended the pain in the stomach

Stiffness on beginning to move

Very nervous and crampy (fifth day)

Sudden shocks of jerking pains

Distress after the first sleep, in the evening

* All the symptoms except the feeling of weakness in the epigastric region aggravated from 2 to 4 A.M. (second day)

Skin p. 134

Very evident rubefacient and vesicant effects

It produces a rapid pustulation, which appears first in the form of minute vesicles filled with a serous fluid, which speedily changes to a whitish or yellowish pus ; the superficial inflammation is at the same time quite severe; the pustules, as a general thing, are slow in healing

Eruption of “scabs on the arms and legs

Intolerable itching of the skin on the body and arms ; on scratching, it raises up in blotches like hives (eighth day)

Sleep p. 135

Drowsy and difficult to wake, in the morning

* Sleepinesss in the daytime, especially in the forenoon, with rumbling in the bowels

Sleepiness, early in the evening

Too heavy sleep at night

Rising up in bed during sleep, without waking

* Moaning in sleep, xvith eyelids half closed

* Unrefreshed by sleep, on waking in the morning,3 4 3 6.

* Restlessness in the forepart of the night3 4.

Fever p. 135

Ch Win ess. In the afternoon had a chill, followed by some fever and headache (third day) ; some fever and headache (fourth day)

Chilliness (second day)

Uncomfortable feeling of chilliness with the stool (second day)

Shivering and a feeling of prostration (after four hours)

* The pain in the bowels at first is attended with coldness, which is followed by heat and warm perspiration

Coldness of the feet

Heat. Felt feverish during the afternoon, with occasional spells of chilliness, which was not relieved by the heat of the stove, but was relieved by covering up warmly in bed (first day)

After stool, at 10 a.m., feverishness, with frontal headache (first day)

Intermittent fever, quotidian, tertian, and quartan

Temperature of body considerably increased (first morning)

Flashes of heat running up the back, after stool

Sweat. Profuse sweating, so much so that it dropped off of the prover’s ingerenda

Bathed in cold perspiration

Perspiration of the feet, in the evening

Conditions p. 135

Aggravation.

(Morning'), Dulness ; headache, etc.; on rising, pain in top of head ; teeth covered with mucus; dryness of mouth and tongue; sore throat; after rising, sick feeling; pain in bowels; abdominal symptoms ; diarrhoea ; green stool; pain between shoulders ; drowsiness.

(Forenoon), Pain in temples ; drowsiness.

(Afternoon), Pain in left frontal protuberance ; acidity ; 5 p.m., pain in abdomen ; pain and cramps in right leg; chilliness; feverishness.

(Toward evening), Thirst.

(Evening), Soreness of throat; flatulence; after first sleep, distress; sleepiness; sweat of feet.

(Night), Taste of liver in mouth; 2 a.m., weakness in epigastric region; pain in stomach ; 3 a.m., pain in transverse colon ; when first lying down, suffocation ; pain between shoulders; pain in lumbar region ; aching of limbs ; 2 to 4 a.m., nearly all symptoms.

(After breakfast), Burning in stomach.

( While eating), Stitches in right hypochondrium.

(After eating), Thirst.

(After eating and drinking), Diarrhoea.

(Exertion), Palpitation of heart.

(Going upstairs), Pain in left hip.

(Deep inspiration), Snapping in right lung ; pains in chest.

(Lying on back), Pain in bowels.

(Mental emotion), Palpitation of heart.

(Misstep), Pain in loins.

(Motion), Tenderness of stomach ; pain in nape; pain between shoulders; pain in lumbar region ; cracking in knee-joints.

( While standing in open air), Vertigo.

(Standing), Pain in small of back ; pain in thighs, legs, and knees.

(After stool), Frontal headache; dryness on forehead.

(Swallowing liquids), Sore throat.

(Walking), Pain in small of back; over uneven ground, pain in loins.

(Cold water), Oppression and uneasiness in stomach.

Amelioration p. 135

(Evening), Abdominal symptoms.

(Bathing parts in cold water), Dryness of forehead and eyes.

(Bending forward), Pain in bowels.

(Flexing thighs upon abdomen), Pain in bowels.

(Pressure), Headache through temples; pain in bowels.

(External warmth), Pain iu bowels.